source: git/Singular/iparith.cc @ c4d065

/****************************************
*  Computer Algebra System SINGULAR     *
****************************************/
/* $Id$ */

/*
* ABSTRACT: table driven kernel interface, used by interpreter
*/

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include <kernel/mod2.h>
#include <Singular/tok.h>
#include <kernel/options.h>
#include <Singular/ipid.h>
#include <kernel/intvec.h>
#include <omalloc/omalloc.h>
#include <kernel/polys.h>
#include <kernel/febase.h>
#include <Singular/sdb.h>
#include <kernel/longalg.h>
#include <kernel/ideals.h>
#include <kernel/matpol.h>
#include <kernel/kstd1.h>
#include <kernel/timer.h>
#include <kernel/ring.h>
#include <Singular/subexpr.h>
#include <Singular/lists.h>
#include <kernel/modulop.h>
#ifdef HAVE_RINGS
#include <kernel/rmodulon.h>
#include <kernel/rmodulo2m.h>
#include <kernel/rintegers.h>
#endif
#include <kernel/numbers.h>
#include <kernel/stairc.h>
#include <kernel/maps.h>
#include <Singular/maps_ip.h>
#include <kernel/syz.h>
#include <kernel/weight.h>
#include <Singular/ipconv.h>
#include <Singular/ipprint.h>
#include <Singular/attrib.h>
#include <Singular/silink.h>
#include <kernel/sparsmat.h>
#include <kernel/units.h>
#include <Singular/janet.h>
#include <kernel/GMPrat.h>
#include <kernel/tgb.h>
#include <kernel/walkProc.h>
#include <kernel/mod_raw.h>
#include <Singular/MinorInterface.h>
#include <kernel/linearAlgebra.h>
#include <Singular/misc_ip.h>
#ifdef HAVE_FACTORY
#  include <kernel/clapsing.h>
#  include <kernel/kstdfac.h>
#endif /* HAVE_FACTORY */
#ifdef HAVE_FACTORY
#  include <kernel/fglm.h>
#endif /* HAVE_FACTORY */
#include <Singular/interpolation.h>

#include <Singular/ipshell.h>
#include <kernel/mpr_inout.h>

#ifdef HAVE_FANS
#include <gfanlib/gfanlib.h>
#endif

#include <kernel/timer.h>

#ifdef HAVE_PLURAL
  #include <kernel/gring.h>
  #include <kernel/sca.h>
  #define ALLOW_PLURAL     1
  #define NO_PLURAL        0
  #define COMM_PLURAL      2
  #define  PLURAL_MASK 3
#else /* HAVE_PLURAL */
  #define ALLOW_PLURAL     0
  #define NO_PLURAL        0
  #define COMM_PLURAL      0
  #define  PLURAL_MASK     0
#endif /* HAVE_PLURAL */

#ifdef HAVE_RINGS
  #define RING_MASK        4
#else
  #define RING_MASK        0
#endif
#define ALLOW_RING       4
#define NO_RING          0

/*=============== types =====================*/
struct sValCmdTab
{
  short cmd;
  short start;
};

typedef sValCmdTab jjValCmdTab[];

struct _scmdnames
{
  char *name;
  short alias;
  short tokval;
  short toktype;
};
typedef struct _scmdnames cmdnames;


typedef char * (*Proc1)(char *);
struct sValCmd1
{
  proc1 p;
  short cmd;
  short res;
  short arg;
  short valid_for;
};

typedef BOOLEAN (*proc2)(leftv,leftv,leftv);
struct sValCmd2
{
  proc2 p;
  short cmd;
  short res;
  short arg1;
  short arg2;
  short valid_for;
};

typedef BOOLEAN (*proc3)(leftv,leftv,leftv,leftv);
struct sValCmd3
{
  proc3 p;
  short cmd;
  short res;
  short arg1;
  short arg2;
  short arg3;
  short valid_for;
};
struct sValCmdM
{
  proc1 p;
  short cmd;
  short res;
  short number_of_args; /* -1: any, -2: any >0, .. */
  short valid_for;
};

typedef struct
{
  cmdnames *sCmds;             /**< array of existing commands */
  struct sValCmd1 *psValCmd1;
  struct sValCmd2 *psValCmd2;
  struct sValCmd3 *psValCmd3;
  struct sValCmdM *psValCmdM;
  int nCmdUsed;      /**< number of commands used */
  int nCmdAllocated; /**< number of commands-slots allocated */
  int nLastIdentifier; /**< valid indentifieres are slot 1..nLastIdentifier */
} SArithBase;

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
 * File scope Variables (Variables share by several functions in
 *                       the same file )
 *
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static SArithBase sArithBase;  /**< Base entry for arithmetic */

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
 * Extern Functions declarations
 *
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static int _gentable_sort_cmds(const void *a, const void *b);
extern int iiArithRemoveCmd(char *szName);
extern int iiArithAddCmd(const char *szName, short nAlias, short nTokval,
                         short nToktype, short nPos=-1);

/*============= proc =======================*/
static BOOLEAN jjLOAD(leftv res, leftv v, BOOLEAN autoexport = FALSE);
static int iiTabIndex(const jjValCmdTab dArithTab, const int len, const int op);
#ifdef MDEBUG
#define jjMakeSub(A) jjDBMakeSub(A,__FILE__,__LINE__)
static Subexpr jjDBMakeSub(leftv e,const char *f,const  int l);
#else
static Subexpr jjMakeSub(leftv e);
#endif

/*============= vars ======================*/
extern int cmdtok;
extern BOOLEAN expected_parms;

#define ii_div_by_0 "div. by 0"
#define ii_not_for_plural "not implemented for non-commutative rings"
#define ii_not_for_ring "not implemented for rings with rings as coeffients"

int iiOp; /* the current operation*/

/*=================== operations with 2 args.: static proc =================*/
/* must be ordered: first operations for chars (infix ops),
 * then alphabetically */

static BOOLEAN jjOP_IV_I(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  intvec* aa= (intvec *)u->CopyD(INTVEC_CMD);
  int bb = (int)(long)(v->Data());
  if (errorreported) return TRUE;
  switch (iiOp)
  {
    case '+': (*aa) += bb; break;
    case '-': (*aa) -= bb; break;
    case '*': (*aa) *= bb; break;
    case '/':
    case INTDIV_CMD: (*aa) /= bb; break;
    case '%':
    case INTMOD_CMD: (*aa) %= bb; break;
  }
  res->data=(char *)aa;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjOP_I_IV(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  return jjOP_IV_I(res,v,u);
}
static BOOLEAN jjOP_IM_I(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  intvec* aa= (intvec *)u->CopyD(INTVEC_CMD);
  int bb = (int)(long)(v->Data());
  int i=si_min(aa->rows(),aa->cols());
  switch (iiOp)
  {
    case '+': for (;i>0;i--) IMATELEM(*aa,i,i) += bb;
              break;
    case '-': for (;i>0;i--) IMATELEM(*aa,i,i) -= bb;
              break;
  }
  res->data=(char *)aa;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjOP_I_IM(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  return jjOP_IM_I(res,v,u);
}
static BOOLEAN jjCOLON(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  int l=(int)(long)v->Data();
  if (l>0)
  {
    int d=(int)(long)u->Data();
    intvec *vv=new intvec(l);
    int i;
    for(i=l-1;i>=0;i--) { (*vv)[i]=d; }
    res->data=(char *)vv;
  }
  return (l<=0);
}
static BOOLEAN jjDOTDOT(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data=(char *)new intvec((int)(long)u->Data(),(int)(long)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static void jjEQUAL_REST(leftv res,leftv u,leftv v);
static BOOLEAN jjCOMPARE_IV(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  intvec*    a = (intvec * )(u->Data());
  intvec*    b = (intvec * )(v->Data());
  int r=a->compare(b);
  switch  (iiOp)
  {
    case '<':
      res->data  = (char *) (r<0);
      break;
    case '>':
      res->data  = (char *) (r>0);
      break;
    case LE:
      res->data  = (char *) (r<=0);
      break;
    case GE:
      res->data  = (char *) (r>=0);
      break;
    case EQUAL_EQUAL:
    case NOTEQUAL: /* negation handled by jjEQUAL_REST */
      res->data  = (char *) (r==0);
      break;
  }
  jjEQUAL_REST(res,u,v);
  if(r==-2) { WerrorS("size incompatible"); return TRUE; }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCOMPARE_IV_I(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  intvec* a = (intvec * )(u->Data());
  int     b = (int)(long)(v->Data());
  int r=a->compare(b);
  switch  (iiOp)
  {
    case '<':
      res->data  = (char *) (r<0);
      break;
    case '>':
      res->data  = (char *) (r>0);
      break;
    case LE:
      res->data  = (char *) (r<=0);
      break;
    case GE:
      res->data  = (char *) (r>=0);
      break;
    case EQUAL_EQUAL:
    case NOTEQUAL: /* negation handled by jjEQUAL_REST */
      res->data  = (char *) (r==0);
      break;
  }
  jjEQUAL_REST(res,u,v);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCOMPARE_P(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  poly p=(poly)u->Data();
  poly q=(poly)v->Data();
  int r=pCmp(p,q);
  if (r==0)
  {
    number h=nSub(pGetCoeff(p),pGetCoeff(q));
    /* compare lead coeffs */
    r = -1+nIsZero(h)+2*nGreaterZero(h); /* -1: <, 0:==, 1: > */
    nDelete(&h);
  }
  else if (p==NULL)
  {
    if (q==NULL)
    {
      /* compare 0, 0 */
      r=0;
    }
    else if(pIsConstant(q))
    {
      /* compare 0, const */
      r = 1-2*nGreaterZero(pGetCoeff(q)); /* -1: <, 1: > */
    }
  }
  else if (q==NULL)
  {
    if (pIsConstant(p))
    {
      /* compare const, 0 */
      r = -1+2*nGreaterZero(pGetCoeff(p)); /* -1: <, 1: > */
    }
  }
  switch  (iiOp)
  {
    case '<':
      res->data  = (char *) (r < 0);
      break;
    case '>':
      res->data  = (char *) (r > 0);
      break;
    case LE:
      res->data  = (char *) (r <= 0);
      break;
    case GE:
      res->data  = (char *) (r >= 0);
      break;
    //case EQUAL_EQUAL:
    //case NOTEQUAL: /* negation handled by jjEQUAL_REST */
    //  res->data  = (char *) (r == 0);
    //  break;
  }
  jjEQUAL_REST(res,u,v);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCOMPARE_S(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  char*    a = (char * )(u->Data());
  char*    b = (char * )(v->Data());
  int result = strcmp(a,b);
  switch  (iiOp)
  {
    case '<':
      res->data  = (char *) (result  < 0);
      break;
    case '>':
      res->data  = (char *) (result  > 0);
      break;
    case LE:
      res->data  = (char *) (result  <= 0);
      break;
    case GE:
      res->data  = (char *) (result  >= 0);
      break;
    case EQUAL_EQUAL:
    case NOTEQUAL: /* negation handled by jjEQUAL_REST */
      res->data  = (char *) (result  == 0);
      break;
  }
  jjEQUAL_REST(res,u,v);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjOP_REST(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  if (u->Next()!=NULL)
  {
    u=u->next;
    res->next = (leftv)omAllocBin(sleftv_bin);
    return iiExprArith2(res->next,u,iiOp,v);
  }
  else if (v->Next()!=NULL)
  {
    v=v->next;
    res->next = (leftv)omAllocBin(sleftv_bin);
    return iiExprArith2(res->next,u,iiOp,v);
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjPOWER_I(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  int b=(int)(long)u->Data();
  int e=(int)(long)v->Data();
  int rc = 1;
  BOOLEAN overflow=FALSE;
  if (e >= 0)
  {
    if (b==0)
    {
      rc=(e==0);
    }
    else
    {
      int oldrc;
      while ((e--)!=0)
      {
        oldrc=rc;
        rc *= b;
        if (!overflow)
        {
          if(rc/b!=oldrc) overflow=TRUE;
        }
      }
      if (overflow)
        WarnS("int overflow(^), result may be wrong");
    }
    res->data = (char *)((long)rc);
    if (u!=NULL) return jjOP_REST(res,u,v);
    return FALSE;
  }
  else
  {
    WerrorS("exponent must be non-negative");
    return TRUE;
  }
}
static BOOLEAN jjPOWER_BI(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  int e=(int)(long)v->Data();
  number n=(number)u->Data();
  if (e>=0)
  {
    nlPower(n,e,(number*)&res->data);
  }
  else
  {
    WerrorS("exponent must be non-negative");
    return TRUE;
  }
  if (u!=NULL) return jjOP_REST(res,u,v);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjPOWER_N(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  int e=(int)(long)v->Data();
  number n=(number)u->Data();
  int d=0;
  if (e<0)
  {
    n=nInvers(n);
    e=-e;
    d=1;
  }
  nPower(n,e,(number*)&res->data);
  if (d) nDelete(&n);
  if (u!=NULL) return jjOP_REST(res,u,v);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjPOWER_P(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  int v_i=(int)(long)v->Data();
  poly u_p=(poly)u->CopyD(POLY_CMD);
  int dummy;
  if ((u_p!=NULL)
  && (pTotaldegree(u_p)*(signed long)v_i > (signed long)currRing->bitmask))
  {
    Werror("OVERFLOW in power(d=%ld, e=%d, max=%ld)",
                                    pTotaldegree(u_p),v_i,currRing->bitmask);
    pDelete(&u_p);
    return TRUE;
  }
  res->data = (char *)pPower(u_p,v_i);
  if (u!=NULL) return jjOP_REST(res,u,v);
  return errorreported; /* pPower may set errorreported via Werror */
}
static BOOLEAN jjPOWER_ID(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)idPower((ideal)(u->Data()),(int)(long)(v->Data()));
  if (u!=NULL) return jjOP_REST(res,u,v);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjPLUSMINUS_Gen(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  u=u->next;
  v=v->next;
  if (u==NULL)
  {
    if (v==NULL) return FALSE;      /* u==NULL, v==NULL */
    if (iiOp=='-')                  /* u==NULL, v<>NULL, iiOp=='-'*/
    {
      do
      {
        if (res->next==NULL)
          res->next = (leftv)omAlloc0Bin(sleftv_bin);
        leftv tmp_v=v->next;
        v->next=NULL;
        BOOLEAN b=iiExprArith1(res->next,v,'-');
        v->next=tmp_v;
        if (b)
          return TRUE;
        v=tmp_v;
        res=res->next;
      } while (v!=NULL);
      return FALSE;
    }
    loop                            /* u==NULL, v<>NULL, iiOp=='+' */
    {
      res->next = (leftv)omAlloc0Bin(sleftv_bin);
      res=res->next;
      res->data = v->CopyD();
      res->rtyp = v->Typ();
      v=v->next;
      if (v==NULL) return FALSE;
    }
  }
  if (v!=NULL)                     /* u<>NULL, v<>NULL */
  {
    do
    {
      res->next = (leftv)omAlloc0Bin(sleftv_bin);
      leftv tmp_u=u->next; u->next=NULL;
      leftv tmp_v=v->next; v->next=NULL;
      BOOLEAN b=iiExprArith2(res->next,u,iiOp,v);
      u->next=tmp_u;
      v->next=tmp_v;
      if (b)
        return TRUE;
      u=tmp_u;
      v=tmp_v;
      res=res->next;
    } while ((u!=NULL) && (v!=NULL));
    return FALSE;
  }
  loop                             /* u<>NULL, v==NULL */
  {
    res->next = (leftv)omAlloc0Bin(sleftv_bin);
    res=res->next;
    res->data = u->CopyD();
    res->rtyp = u->Typ();
    u=u->next;
    if (u==NULL) return FALSE;
  }
}
static BOOLEAN jjCOLCOL(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  idhdl packhdl;
  switch(u->Typ())
  {
      case 0:
        Print("%s of type 'ANY'. Trying load.\n", v->name);
        if(iiTryLoadLib(u, u->name))
        {
          Werror("'%s' no such package", u->name);
          return TRUE;
        }
        syMake(u,u->name,NULL);
        // else: use next case !!! no break !!!
      case PACKAGE_CMD:
        packhdl = (idhdl)u->data;
        if((!IDPACKAGE(packhdl)->loaded)
        && (IDPACKAGE(packhdl)->language > LANG_TOP))
        {
          Werror("'%s' not loaded", u->name);
          return TRUE;
        }
        if(v->rtyp == IDHDL)
        {
          v->name = omStrDup(v->name);
        }
        v->req_packhdl=IDPACKAGE(packhdl);
        syMake(v, v->name, packhdl);
        memcpy(res, v, sizeof(sleftv));
        memset(v, 0, sizeof(sleftv));
        break;
      case DEF_CMD:
        break;
      default:
        WerrorS("<package>::<id> expected");
        return TRUE;
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjPLUS_I(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  unsigned int a=(unsigned int)(unsigned long)u->Data();
  unsigned int b=(unsigned int)(unsigned long)v->Data();
  unsigned int c=a+b;
  res->data = (char *)((long)c);
  if (((Sy_bit(31)&a)==(Sy_bit(31)&b))&&((Sy_bit(31)&a)!=(Sy_bit(31)&c)))
  {
    WarnS("int overflow(+), result may be wrong");
  }
  return jjPLUSMINUS_Gen(res,u,v);
}
static BOOLEAN jjPLUS_BI(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)(nlAdd((number)u->Data(), (number)v->Data()));
  return jjPLUSMINUS_Gen(res,u,v);
}
static BOOLEAN jjPLUS_N(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)(nAdd((number)u->Data(), (number)v->Data()));
  return jjPLUSMINUS_Gen(res,u,v);
}
static BOOLEAN jjPLUS_P(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)(pAdd((poly)u->CopyD(POLY_CMD) , (poly)v->CopyD(POLY_CMD)));
  return jjPLUSMINUS_Gen(res,u,v);
}
static BOOLEAN jjPLUS_IV(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)ivAdd((intvec*)(u->Data()), (intvec*)(v->Data()));
  if (res->data==NULL)
  {
     WerrorS("intmat size not compatible");
     return TRUE;
  }
  return jjPLUSMINUS_Gen(res,u,v);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjPLUS_MA(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  matrix A=(matrix)u->Data(); matrix B=(matrix)v->Data();
  res->data = (char *)(mpAdd(A , B));
  if (res->data==NULL)
  {
     Werror("matrix size not compatible(%dx%d, %dx%d)",
             MATROWS(A),MATCOLS(A),MATROWS(B),MATCOLS(B));
     return TRUE;
  }
  return jjPLUSMINUS_Gen(res,u,v);
}
static BOOLEAN jjPLUS_MA_P(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  matrix m=(matrix)u->Data();
  matrix p= mpInitP(m->nrows,m->ncols,(poly)(v->CopyD(POLY_CMD)));
  if (iiOp=='+')
    res->data = (char *)mpAdd(m , p);
  else
    res->data = (char *)mpSub(m , p);
  idDelete((ideal *)&p);
  return jjPLUSMINUS_Gen(res,u,v);
}
static BOOLEAN jjPLUS_P_MA(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  return jjPLUS_MA_P(res,v,u);
}
static BOOLEAN jjPLUS_S(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  char*    a = (char * )(u->Data());
  char*    b = (char * )(v->Data());
  char*    r = (char * )omAlloc(strlen(a) + strlen(b) + 1);
  strcpy(r,a);
  strcat(r,b);
  res->data=r;
  return jjPLUSMINUS_Gen(res,u,v);
}
static BOOLEAN jjPLUS_ID(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)idAdd((ideal)u->Data(),(ideal)v->Data());
  return jjPLUSMINUS_Gen(res,u,v);
}
static BOOLEAN jjMINUS_I(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  void *ap=u->Data(); void *bp=v->Data();
  int aa=(int)(long)ap;
  int bb=(int)(long)bp;
  int cc=aa-bb;
  unsigned int a=(unsigned int)(unsigned long)ap;
  unsigned int b=(unsigned int)(unsigned long)bp;
  unsigned int c=a-b;
  if (((Sy_bit(31)&a)!=(Sy_bit(31)&b))&&((Sy_bit(31)&a)!=(Sy_bit(31)&c)))
  {
    WarnS("int overflow(-), result may be wrong");
  }
  res->data = (char *)((long)cc);
  return jjPLUSMINUS_Gen(res,u,v);
}
static BOOLEAN jjMINUS_BI(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)(nlSub((number)u->Data(), (number)v->Data()));
  return jjPLUSMINUS_Gen(res,u,v);
}
static BOOLEAN jjMINUS_N(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)(nSub((number)u->Data(), (number)v->Data()));
  return jjPLUSMINUS_Gen(res,u,v);
}
static BOOLEAN jjMINUS_P(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)(pSub((poly)u->CopyD(POLY_CMD) , (poly)v->CopyD(POLY_CMD)));
  return jjPLUSMINUS_Gen(res,u,v);
}
static BOOLEAN jjMINUS_IV(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)ivSub((intvec*)(u->Data()), (intvec*)(v->Data()));
  if (res->data==NULL)
  {
     WerrorS("intmat size not compatible");
     return TRUE;
  }
  return jjPLUSMINUS_Gen(res,u,v);
}
static BOOLEAN jjMINUS_MA(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  matrix A=(matrix)u->Data(); matrix B=(matrix)v->Data();
  res->data = (char *)(mpSub(A , B));
  if (res->data==NULL)
  {
     Werror("matrix size not compatible(%dx%d, %dx%d)",
             MATROWS(A),MATCOLS(A),MATROWS(B),MATCOLS(B));
     return TRUE;
  }
  return jjPLUSMINUS_Gen(res,u,v);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjTIMES_I(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  int a=(int)(long)u->Data();
  int b=(int)(long)v->Data();
  int c=a * b;
  if ((b!=0) && (c/b !=a))
    WarnS("int overflow(*), result may be wrong");
  res->data = (char *)((long)c);
  if ((u->Next()!=NULL) || (v->Next()!=NULL))
    return jjOP_REST(res,u,v);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjTIMES_BI(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)(nlMult( (number)u->Data(), (number)v->Data()));
  if ((v->next!=NULL) || (u->next!=NULL))
    return jjOP_REST(res,u,v);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjTIMES_N(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)(nMult( (number)u->Data(), (number)v->Data()));
  number n=(number)res->data;
  nNormalize(n);
  res->data=(char *)n;
  if ((v->next!=NULL) || (u->next!=NULL))
    return jjOP_REST(res,u,v);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjTIMES_P(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  poly a;
  poly b;
  int dummy;
  if (v->next==NULL)
  {
    a=(poly)u->CopyD(POLY_CMD); // works also for VECTOR_CMD
    if (u->next==NULL)
    {
      b=(poly)v->CopyD(POLY_CMD); // works also for VECTOR_CMD
      if ((a!=NULL) && (b!=NULL)
      && (pTotaldegree(a)+pTotaldegree(b)>si_max((long)rVar(currRing),(long)currRing->bitmask)))
      {
        Werror("OVERFLOW in mult(d=%ld, d=%ld, max=%ld)",
          pTotaldegree(a),pTotaldegree(b),currRing->bitmask);
        pDelete(&a);
        pDelete(&b);
        return TRUE;
      }
      res->data = (char *)(pMult( a, b));
      pNormalize((poly)res->data);
      return FALSE;
    }
    // u->next exists: copy v
    b=pCopy((poly)v->Data());
    if ((a!=NULL) && (b!=NULL)
    && (pTotaldegree(a)+pTotaldegree(b)>si_max((long)rVar(currRing),(long)currRing->bitmask)))
    {
      Werror("OVERFLOW in mult(d=%ld, d=%ld, max=%ld)",
          pTotaldegree(a),pTotaldegree(b),currRing->bitmask);
      pDelete(&a);
      pDelete(&b);
      return TRUE;
    }
    res->data = (char *)(pMult( a, b));
    pNormalize((poly)res->data);
    return jjOP_REST(res,u,v);
  }
  // v->next exists: copy u
  a=pCopy((poly)u->Data());
  b=(poly)v->CopyD(POLY_CMD); // works also for VECTOR_CMD
  if ((a!=NULL) && (b!=NULL)
  && ((unsigned long)(pTotaldegree(a)+pTotaldegree(b))>=currRing->bitmask))
  {
    pDelete(&a);
    pDelete(&b);
    WerrorS("OVERFLOW");
    return TRUE;
  }
  res->data = (char *)(pMult( a, b));
  pNormalize((poly)res->data);
  return jjOP_REST(res,u,v);
}
static BOOLEAN jjTIMES_ID(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)idMult((ideal)u->Data(),(ideal)v->Data());
  idNormalize((ideal)res->data);
  if ((v->next!=NULL) || (u->next!=NULL))
    return jjOP_REST(res,u,v);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjTIMES_IV(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)ivMult((intvec*)(u->Data()), (intvec*)(v->Data()));
  if (res->data==NULL)
  {
     WerrorS("intmat size not compatible");
     return TRUE;
  }
  if ((v->next!=NULL) || (u->next!=NULL))
    return jjOP_REST(res,u,v);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjTIMES_MA_BI1(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  number n=nInit_bigint((number)v->Data());
  poly p=pNSet(n);
  ideal I= (ideal)mpMultP((matrix)u->CopyD(MATRIX_CMD),p);
  res->data = (char *)I;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjTIMES_MA_BI2(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  return jjTIMES_MA_BI1(res,v,u);
}
static BOOLEAN jjTIMES_MA_P1(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  poly p=(poly)v->CopyD(POLY_CMD);
  int r=pMaxComp(p);/* recompute the rank for the case ideal*vector*/
  ideal I= (ideal)mpMultP((matrix)u->CopyD(MATRIX_CMD),p);
  if (r>0) I->rank=r;
  idNormalize(I);
  res->data = (char *)I;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjTIMES_MA_P2(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  poly p=(poly)u->CopyD(POLY_CMD);
  int r=pMaxComp(p);/* recompute the rank for the case ideal*vector*/
  ideal I= (ideal)pMultMp(p,(matrix)v->CopyD(MATRIX_CMD));
  if (r>0) I->rank=r;
  idNormalize(I);
  res->data = (char *)I;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjTIMES_MA_N1(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  number n=(number)v->CopyD(NUMBER_CMD);
  poly p=pNSet(n);
  res->data = (char *)mpMultP((matrix)u->CopyD(MATRIX_CMD),p);
  idNormalize((ideal)res->data);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjTIMES_MA_N2(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  return jjTIMES_MA_N1(res,v,u);
}
static BOOLEAN jjTIMES_MA_I1(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)mpMultI((matrix)u->CopyD(MATRIX_CMD),(int)(long)v->Data());
  idNormalize((ideal)res->data);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjTIMES_MA_I2(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  return jjTIMES_MA_I1(res,v,u);
}
static BOOLEAN jjTIMES_MA(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  matrix A=(matrix)u->Data(); matrix B=(matrix)v->Data();
  res->data = (char *)mpMult(A,B);
  if (res->data==NULL)
  {
     Werror("matrix size not compatible(%dx%d, %dx%d)",
             MATROWS(A),MATCOLS(A),MATROWS(B),MATCOLS(B));
     return TRUE;
  }
  idNormalize((ideal)res->data);
  if ((v->next!=NULL) || (u->next!=NULL))
    return jjOP_REST(res,u,v);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjGE_BI(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  number h=nlSub((number)u->Data(),(number)v->Data());
  res->data = (char *) (nlGreaterZero(h)||(nlIsZero(h)));
  nlDelete(&h,NULL);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjGE_I(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)((int)((long)u->Data()) >= (int)((long)v->Data()));
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjGE_N(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *) (nGreater((number)u->Data(),(number)v->Data())
                       || nEqual((number)u->Data(),(number)v->Data()));
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjGT_BI(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  number h=nlSub((number)u->Data(),(number)v->Data());
  res->data = (char *) (nlGreaterZero(h)&&(!nlIsZero(h)));
  nlDelete(&h,NULL);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjGT_I(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)((int)((long)u->Data()) > (int)((long)v->Data()));
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjGT_N(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *) (nGreater((number)u->Data(),(number)v->Data()));
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjLE_BI(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  return jjGE_BI(res,v,u);
}
static BOOLEAN jjLE_I(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)((int)((long)u->Data()) <= (int)((long)v->Data()));
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjLE_N(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  return jjGE_N(res,v,u);
}
static BOOLEAN jjLT_BI(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  return jjGT_BI(res,v,u);
}
static BOOLEAN jjLT_I(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)((int)((long)u->Data()) < (int)((long)v->Data()));
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjLT_N(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  return jjGT_N(res,v,u);
}
static BOOLEAN jjDIVMOD_I(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  int a= (int)(long)u->Data();
  int b= (int)(long)v->Data();
  if (b==0)
  {
    WerrorS(ii_div_by_0);
    return TRUE;
  }
  int bb=ABS(b);
  int c=a%bb;
  if(c<0) c+=bb;
  int r=0;
  switch (iiOp)
  {
    case INTMOD_CMD:
        r=c;            break;
    case '%':
        r= (a % b);     break;
    case INTDIV_CMD:
        r=((a-c) /b);   break;
    case '/':
        r= (a / b);     break;
  }
  res->data=(void *)((long)r);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjDIV_BI(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  number q=(number)v->Data();
  if (nlIsZero(q))
  {
    WerrorS(ii_div_by_0);
    return TRUE;
  }
  q = nlIntDiv((number)u->Data(),q);
  nlNormalize(q);
  res->data = (char *)q;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjDIV_N(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  number q=(number)v->Data();
  if (nIsZero(q))
  {
    WerrorS(ii_div_by_0);
    return TRUE;
  }
  q = nDiv((number)u->Data(),q);
  nNormalize(q);
  res->data = (char *)q;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjDIV_P(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  poly q=(poly)v->Data();
  if (q==NULL)
  {
    WerrorS(ii_div_by_0);
    return TRUE;
  }
  poly p=(poly)(u->Data());
  if (p==NULL)
  {
    res->data=NULL;
    return FALSE;
  }
  if ((pNext(q)!=NULL) && (!rField_is_Ring()))
  { /* This means that q != 0 consists of at least two terms.
       Moreover, currRing is over a field. */
#ifdef HAVE_FACTORY
    if(pGetComp(p)==0)
    {
      res->data=(void*)(singclap_pdivide(p /*(poly)(u->Data())*/ ,
                                         q /*(poly)(v->Data())*/ ));
    }
    else
    {
      int comps=pMaxComp(p);
      ideal I=idInit(comps,1);
      p=pCopy(p);
      poly h;
      int i;
      // conversion to a list of polys:
      while (p!=NULL)
      {
        i=pGetComp(p)-1;
        h=pNext(p);
        pNext(p)=NULL;
        pSetComp(p,0);
        I->m[i]=pAdd(I->m[i],p);
        p=h;
      }
      // division and conversion to vector:
      h=NULL;
      p=NULL;
      for(i=comps-1;i>=0;i--)
      {
        if (I->m[i]!=NULL)
        {
          h=singclap_pdivide(I->m[i],q);
          pSetCompP(h,i+1);
          p=pAdd(p,h);
        }
      }
      idDelete(&I);
      res->data=(void *)p;
    }
#else /* HAVE_FACTORY */
    WerrorS("division only by a monomial");
    return TRUE;
#endif /* HAVE_FACTORY */
  }
  else
  { /* This means that q != 0 consists of just one term,
       or that currRing is over a coefficient ring. */
#ifdef HAVE_RINGS
    if (!rField_is_Domain())
    {
      WerrorS("division only defined over coefficient domains");
      return TRUE;
    }
    if (pNext(q)!=NULL)
    {
      WerrorS("division over a coefficient domain only implemented for terms");
      return TRUE;
    }
#endif
    res->data = (char *)pDivideM(pCopy(p),pHead(q));
  }
  pNormalize((poly)res->data);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjDIV_Ma(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  poly q=(poly)v->Data();
  if (q==NULL)
  {
    WerrorS(ii_div_by_0);
    return TRUE;
  }
  matrix m=(matrix)(u->Data());
  int r=m->rows();
  int c=m->cols();
  matrix mm=mpNew(r,c);
  int i,j;
  for(i=r;i>0;i--)
  {
    for(j=c;j>0;j--)
    {
      if (pNext(q)!=NULL)
      {
      #ifdef HAVE_FACTORY
        MATELEM(mm,i,j) = singclap_pdivide( MATELEM(m,i,j) ,
                                           q /*(poly)(v->Data())*/ );
#else /* HAVE_FACTORY */
        WerrorS("division only by a monomial");
        return TRUE;
#endif /* HAVE_FACTORY */
      }
      else
        MATELEM(mm,i,j) = pDivideM(pCopy(MATELEM(m,i,j)),pHead(q));
    }
  }
  idNormalize((ideal)mm);
  res->data=(char *)mm;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjEQUAL_BI(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)((long)nlEqual((number)u->Data(),(number)v->Data()));
  jjEQUAL_REST(res,u,v);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjEQUAL_I(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)((int)((long)u->Data()) == (int)((long)v->Data()));
  jjEQUAL_REST(res,u,v);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjEQUAL_Ma(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)((long)mpEqual((matrix)u->Data(),(matrix)v->Data()));
  jjEQUAL_REST(res,u,v);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjEQUAL_N(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)((long)nEqual((number)u->Data(),(number)v->Data()));
  jjEQUAL_REST(res,u,v);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjEQUAL_P(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  poly p=(poly)u->Data();
  poly q=(poly)v->Data();
  res->data = (char *) ((long)pEqualPolys(p,q));
  jjEQUAL_REST(res,u,v);
  return FALSE;
}
static void jjEQUAL_REST(leftv res,leftv u,leftv v)
{
  if ((res->data) && (u->next!=NULL) && (v->next!=NULL))
  {
    int save_iiOp=iiOp;
    if (iiOp==NOTEQUAL)
      iiExprArith2(res,u->next,EQUAL_EQUAL,v->next);
    else
      iiExprArith2(res,u->next,iiOp,v->next);
    iiOp=save_iiOp;
  }
  if (iiOp==NOTEQUAL) res->data=(char *)(!(long)res->data);
}
static BOOLEAN jjAND_I(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)((long)u->Data() && (long)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjOR_I(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)((long)u->Data() || (long)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjINDEX_I(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->rtyp=u->rtyp; u->rtyp=0;
  res->data=u->data; u->data=NULL;
  res->name=u->name; u->name=NULL;
  res->attribute=u->attribute; u->attribute=NULL;
  res->e=u->e;       u->e=NULL;
  if (res->e==NULL) res->e=jjMakeSub(v);
  else
  {
    Subexpr sh=res->e;
    while (sh->next != NULL) sh=sh->next;
    sh->next=jjMakeSub(v);
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjINDEX_IV(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  if ((u->rtyp!=IDHDL)||(u->e!=NULL))
  {
    WerrorS("indexed object must have a name");
    return TRUE;
  }
  intvec * iv=(intvec *)v->Data();
  leftv p=NULL;
  int i;
  sleftv t;
  memset(&t,0,sizeof(t));
  t.rtyp=INT_CMD;
  for (i=0;i<iv->length(); i++)
  {
    t.data=(char *)((long)(*iv)[i]);
    if (p==NULL)
    {
      p=res;
    }
    else
    {
      p->next=(leftv)omAlloc0Bin(sleftv_bin);
      p=p->next;
    }
    p->rtyp=IDHDL;
    p->data=u->data;
    p->name=u->name;
    p->flag=u->flag;
    p->attribute=u->attribute;
    p->e=jjMakeSub(&t);
  }
  u->rtyp=0;
  u->data=NULL;
  u->name=NULL;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjINDEX_P(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  poly p=(poly)u->Data();
  int i=(int)(long)v->Data();
  int j=0;
  while (p!=NULL)
  {
    j++;
    if (j==i)
    {
      res->data=(char *)pHead(p);
      return FALSE;
    }
    pIter(p);
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjINDEX_P_IV(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  poly p=(poly)u->Data();
  poly r=NULL;
  intvec *iv=(intvec *)v->CopyD(INTVEC_CMD);
  int i;
  int sum=0;
  for(i=iv->length()-1;i>=0;i--)
    sum+=(*iv)[i];
  int j=0;
  while ((p!=NULL) && (sum>0))
  {
    j++;
    for(i=iv->length()-1;i>=0;i--)
    {
      if (j==(*iv)[i])
      {
        r=pAdd(r,pHead(p));
        sum-=j;
        (*iv)[i]=0;
        break;
      }
    }
    pIter(p);
  }
  delete iv;
  res->data=(char *)r;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjINDEX_V(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  poly p=(poly)u->CopyD(VECTOR_CMD);
  poly r=p; // pointer to the beginning of component i
  poly o=NULL;
  int i=(int)(long)v->Data();
  while (p!=NULL)
  {
    if (pGetComp(p)!=i)
    {
      if (r==p) r=pNext(p);
      if (o!=NULL)
      {
        if (pNext(o)!=NULL) pLmDelete(&pNext(o));
        p=pNext(o);
      }
      else
        pLmDelete(&p);
    }
    else
    {
      pSetComp(p, 0);
      p_SetmComp(p, currRing);
      o=p;
      p=pNext(o);
    }
  }
  res->data=(char *)r;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjINDEX_V_IV(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  poly p=(poly)u->CopyD(VECTOR_CMD);
  if (p!=NULL)
  {
    poly r=pOne();
    poly hp=r;
    intvec *iv=(intvec *)v->Data();
    int i;
    loop
    {
      for(i=0;i<iv->length();i++)
      {
        if (pGetComp(p)==(*iv)[i])
        {
          poly h;
          pSplit(p,&h);
          pNext(hp)=p;
          p=h;
          pIter(hp);
          break;
        }
      }
      if (p==NULL) break;
      if (i==iv->length())
      {
        pLmDelete(&p);
        if (p==NULL) break;
      }
    }
    pLmDelete(&r);
    res->data=(char *)r;
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjKLAMMER_rest(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v);
static BOOLEAN jjKLAMMER(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  if(u->name==NULL) return TRUE;
  char * nn = (char *)omAlloc(strlen(u->name) + 14);
  sprintf(nn,"%s(%d)",u->name,(int)(long)v->Data());
  omFree((ADDRESS)u->name);
  u->name=NULL;
  char *n=omStrDup(nn);
  omFree((ADDRESS)nn);
  syMake(res,n);
  if (u->next!=NULL) return jjKLAMMER_rest(res,u->next,v);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjKLAMMER_IV(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  intvec * iv=(intvec *)v->Data();
  leftv p=NULL;
  int i;
  long slen = strlen(u->name) + 14;
  char *n = (char*) omAlloc(slen);

  for (i=0;i<iv->length(); i++)
  {
    if (p==NULL)
    {
      p=res;
    }
    else
    {
      p->next=(leftv)omAlloc0Bin(sleftv_bin);
      p=p->next;
    }
    sprintf(n,"%s(%d)",u->name,(*iv)[i]);
    syMake(p,omStrDup(n));
  }
  omFree((ADDRESS)u->name);
  u->name = NULL;
  omFreeSize(n, slen);
  if (u->next!=NULL) return jjKLAMMER_rest(res,u->next,v);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjKLAMMER_rest(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  leftv tmp=(leftv)omAllocBin(sleftv_bin);
  memset(tmp,0,sizeof(sleftv));
  BOOLEAN b;
  if (v->Typ()==INTVEC_CMD)
    b=jjKLAMMER_IV(tmp,u,v);
  else
    b=jjKLAMMER(tmp,u,v);
  if (b)
  {
    omFreeBin(tmp,sleftv_bin);
    return TRUE;
  }
  leftv h=res;
  while (h->next!=NULL) h=h->next;
  h->next=tmp;
  return FALSE;
}
BOOLEAN jjPROC(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  void *d;
  Subexpr e;
  int typ;
  BOOLEAN t=FALSE;
  if (u->rtyp!=IDHDL)
  {
    idrec tmp_proc;
    tmp_proc.id="_auto";
    tmp_proc.typ=PROC_CMD;
    tmp_proc.data.pinf=(procinfo *)u->Data();
    tmp_proc.ref=1;
    d=u->data; u->data=(void *)&tmp_proc;
    e=u->e; u->e=NULL;
    t=TRUE;
    typ=u->rtyp; u->rtyp=IDHDL;
  }
  leftv sl;
  if (u->req_packhdl==currPack)
    sl = iiMake_proc((idhdl)u->data,NULL,v);
  else
    sl = iiMake_proc((idhdl)u->data,u->req_packhdl,v);
  if (t)
  {
    u->rtyp=typ;
    u->data=d;
    u->e=e;
  }
  if (sl==NULL)
  {
    return TRUE;
  }
  else
  {
    memcpy(res,sl,sizeof(sleftv));
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjMAP(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  //Print("try to map %s with %s\n",$3.Name(),$1.Name());
  leftv sl=NULL;
  if ((v->e==NULL)&&(v->name!=NULL))
  {
    map m=(map)u->Data();
    sl=iiMap(m,v->name);
  }
  else
  {
    Werror("%s(<name>) expected",u->Name());
  }
  if (sl==NULL) return TRUE;
  memcpy(res,sl,sizeof(sleftv));
  omFreeBin((ADDRESS)sl, sleftv_bin);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCALL2MANY(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  u->next=(leftv)omAllocBin(sleftv_bin);
  memcpy(u->next,v,sizeof(sleftv));
  BOOLEAN r=iiExprArithM(res,u,iiOp);
  v->Init();
  // iiExprArithM did the CleanUp
  return r;
}
#ifdef HAVE_FACTORY
static BOOLEAN jjCHINREM_BI(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  if (rField_is_Q())
  {
    intvec *c=(intvec*)u->Data();
    intvec* p=(intvec*)v->Data();
    int rl=p->length();
    number *x=(number *)omAlloc(rl*sizeof(number));
    number *q=(number *)omAlloc(rl*sizeof(number));
    int i;
    for(i=rl-1;i>=0;i--)
    {
      q[i]=nlInit((*p)[i], NULL);
      x[i]=nlInit((*c)[i], NULL);
    }
    number n=nlChineseRemainder(x,q,rl);
    for(i=rl-1;i>=0;i--)
    {
      nlDelete(&(q[i]),NULL);
      nlDelete(&(x[i]),NULL);
    }
    omFree(x); omFree(q);
    res->data=(char *)n;
    return FALSE;
  }
  else return TRUE;
}
#endif
#if 0
static BOOLEAN jjCHINREM_P(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  lists c=(lists)u->CopyD(); // list of poly
  intvec* p=(intvec*)v->Data();
  int rl=p->length();
  poly r=NULL,h, result=NULL;
  number *x=(number *)omAlloc(rl*sizeof(number));
  number *q=(number *)omAlloc(rl*sizeof(number));
  int i;
  for(i=rl-1;i>=0;i--)
  {
    q[i]=nlInit((*p)[i]);
  }
  loop
  {
    for(i=rl-1;i>=0;i--)
    {
      if (c->m[i].Typ()!=POLY_CMD)
      {
        Werror("poly expected at pos %d",i+1);
        for(i=rl-1;i>=0;i--)
        {
          nlDelete(&(q[i]),currRing);
        }
        omFree(x); omFree(q); // delete c
        return TRUE;
      }
      h=((poly)c->m[i].Data());
      if (r==NULL) r=h;
      else if (pLmCmp(r,h)==-1) r=h;
    }
    if (r==NULL) break;
    for(i=rl-1;i>=0;i--)
    {
      h=((poly)c->m[i].Data());
      if (pLmCmp(r,h)==0)
      {
        x[i]=pGetCoeff(h);
        h=pLmFreeAndNext(h);
        c->m[i].data=(char*)h;
      }
      else
        x[i]=nlInit(0);
    }
    number n=nlChineseRemainder(x,q,rl);
    for(i=rl-1;i>=0;i--)
    {
      nlDelete(&(x[i]),currRing);
    }
    h=pHead(r);
    pSetCoeff(h,n);
    result=pAdd(result,h);
  }
  for(i=rl-1;i>=0;i--)
  {
    nlDelete(&(q[i]),currRing);
  }
  omFree(x); omFree(q);
  res->data=(char *)result;
  return FALSE;
}
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_FACTORY
static BOOLEAN jjCHINREM_ID(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  if (rField_is_Q())
  {
    lists c=(lists)u->CopyD(); // list of ideal
    lists pl=NULL;
    intvec *p=NULL;
    if (v->Typ()==LIST_CMD) pl=(lists)v->Data();
    else                    p=(intvec*)v->Data();
    int rl=c->nr+1;
    poly r=NULL,h;
    ideal result;
    ideal *x=(ideal *)omAlloc(rl*sizeof(ideal));
    int i;
    int return_type=c->m[0].Typ();
    if ((return_type!=IDEAL_CMD)
    && (return_type!=MODUL_CMD)
    && (return_type!=MATRIX_CMD))
    {
      WerrorS("ideal/module/matrix expected");
      omFree(x); // delete c
      return TRUE;
    }
    for(i=rl-1;i>=0;i--)
    {
      if (c->m[i].Typ()!=return_type)
      {
        Werror("%s expected at pos %d",Tok2Cmdname(return_type),i+1);
        omFree(x); // delete c
        return TRUE;
      }
      x[i]=((ideal)c->m[i].Data());
    }
    number *q=(number *)omAlloc(rl*sizeof(number));
    if (p!=NULL)
    {
      for(i=rl-1;i>=0;i--)
      {
        q[i]=nlInit((*p)[i], currRing);
      }
    }
    else
    {
      for(i=rl-1;i>=0;i--)
      {
        if (pl->m[i].Typ()==INT_CMD)
        {
          q[i]=nlInit((int)(long)pl->m[i].Data(),currRing);
        }
        else if (pl->m[i].Typ()==BIGINT_CMD)
        {
          q[i]=nlCopy((number)(pl->m[i].Data()));
        }
        else
        {
          Werror("bigint expected at pos %d",i+1);
          for(i++;i<rl;i++)
          {
            nlDelete(&(q[i]),currRing);
          }
          omFree(x); // delete c
          omFree(q); // delete pl
          return TRUE;
        }
      }
    }
    result=idChineseRemainder(x,q,rl);
    for(i=rl-1;i>=0;i--)
    {
      nlDelete(&(q[i]),currRing);
    }
    omFree(q);
    res->data=(char *)result;
    res->rtyp=return_type;
    return FALSE;
  }
  else return TRUE;
}
#endif
static BOOLEAN jjCOEF(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  poly p=(poly)v->Data();
  if ((p==NULL)||(pNext(p)!=NULL)) return TRUE;
  res->data=(char *)mpCoeffProc((poly)u->Data(),p /*(poly)v->Data()*/);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCOEFFS_Id(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  int i=pVar((poly)v->Data());
  if (i==0)
  {
    WerrorS("ringvar expected");
    return TRUE;
  }
  res->data=(char *)mpCoeffs((ideal)u->CopyD(),i);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCOEFFS2_KB(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  poly p = pInit();
  int i;
  for (i=1; i<=pVariables; i++)
  {
    pSetExp(p, i, 1);
  }
  pSetm(p);
  res->data = (void*)idCoeffOfKBase((ideal)(u->Data()),
                                    (ideal)(v->Data()), p);
  pDelete(&p);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCONTRACT(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data=(char *)idDiffOp((ideal)u->Data(),(ideal)v->Data(),FALSE);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjDEG_M_IV(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  short *iv=iv2array((intvec *)v->Data());
  ideal I=(ideal)u->Data();
  int d=-1;
  int i;
  for(i=IDELEMS(I);i>=0;i--) d=si_max(d,(int)pDegW(I->m[i],iv));
  omFreeSize((ADDRESS)iv,(pVariables+1)*sizeof(short));
  res->data = (char *)((long)d);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjDEG_IV(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  poly p=(poly)u->Data();
  if (p!=NULL)
  {
    short *iv=iv2array((intvec *)v->Data());
    int d=(int)pDegW(p,iv);
    omFreeSize((ADDRESS)iv,(pVariables+1)*sizeof(short));
    res->data = (char *)(long(d));
  }
  else
    res->data=(char *)(long)(-1);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjDIFF_P(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  int i=pVar((poly)v->Data());
  if (i==0)
  {
    WerrorS("ringvar expected");
    return TRUE;
  }
  res->data=(char *)pDiff((poly)(u->Data()),i);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjDIFF_ID(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  int i=pVar((poly)v->Data());
  if (i==0)
  {
    WerrorS("ringvar expected");
    return TRUE;
  }
  res->data=(char *)idDiff((matrix)(u->Data()),i);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjDIFF_ID_ID(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data=(char *)idDiffOp((ideal)u->Data(),(ideal)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjDIM2(leftv res, leftv v, leftv w)
{
  assumeStdFlag(v);
  if(currQuotient==NULL)
    res->data = (char *)((long)scDimInt((ideal)(v->Data()),(ideal)w->Data()));
  else
  {
    ideal q=idSimpleAdd(currQuotient,(ideal)w->Data());
    res->data = (char *)((long)scDimInt((ideal)(v->Data()),q));
    idDelete(&q);
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjDIVISION(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  ideal vi=(ideal)v->Data();
  int vl= IDELEMS(vi);
  ideal ui=(ideal)u->Data();
  int ul= IDELEMS(ui);
  ideal R; matrix U;
  ideal m = idLift(vi,ui,&R, FALSE,hasFlag(v,FLAG_STD),TRUE,&U);
  // now make sure that all matices have the corect size:
  matrix T = idModule2formatedMatrix(m,vl,ul);
  int i;
  if (MATCOLS(U) != ul)
  {
    int mul=si_min(ul,MATCOLS(U));
    matrix UU=mpNew(ul,ul);
    int j;
    for(i=mul;i>0;i--)
    {
      for(j=mul;j>0;j--)
      {
        MATELEM(UU,i,j)=MATELEM(U,i,j);
        MATELEM(U,i,j)=NULL;
      }
    }
    idDelete((ideal *)&U);
    U=UU;
  }
  // make sure that U is a diagonal matrix of units
  for(i=ul;i>0;i--)
  {
    if(MATELEM(U,i,i)==NULL) MATELEM(U,i,i)=pOne();
  }
  lists L=(lists)omAllocBin(slists_bin);
  L->Init(3);
  L->m[0].rtyp=MATRIX_CMD;   L->m[0].data=(void *)T;
  L->m[1].rtyp=u->Typ();     L->m[1].data=(void *)R;
  L->m[2].rtyp=MATRIX_CMD;   L->m[2].data=(void *)U;
  res->data=(char *)L;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjELIMIN(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data=(char *)idElimination((ideal)u->Data(),(poly)v->Data());
  //setFlag(res,FLAG_STD);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjELIMIN_IV(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  poly p=pOne();
  intvec *iv=(intvec*)v->Data();
  for(int i=iv->length()-1; i>=0; i--)
  {
    pSetExp(p,(*iv)[i],1);
  }
  pSetm(p);
  res->data=(char *)idElimination((ideal)u->Data(),p);
  pLmDelete(&p);
  //setFlag(res,FLAG_STD);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjEXPORTTO(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  //Print("exportto %s -> %s\n",v->Name(),u->Name() );
  return iiExport(v,0,(idhdl)u->data);
}
static BOOLEAN jjERROR(leftv res, leftv u)
{
  WerrorS((char *)u->Data());
  extern int inerror;
  inerror=3;
  return TRUE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjEXTGCD_I(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  int uu=(int)(long)u->Data();int vv=(int)(long)v->Data();
  int p0=ABS(uu),p1=ABS(vv);
  int f0 = 1, f1 = 0, g0 = 0, g1 = 1, q, r;

  while ( p1!=0 )
  {
    q=p0 / p1;
    r=p0 % p1;
    p0 = p1; p1 = r;
    r = g0 - g1 * q;
    g0 = g1; g1 = r;
    r = f0 - f1 * q;
    f0 = f1; f1 = r;
  }
  int a = f0;
  int b = g0;
  if ( uu /*(int)(long)u->Data()*/ < 0 ) a=-a;
  if ( vv /*(int)(long)v->Data()*/ < 0 ) b=-b;
  lists L=(lists)omAllocBin(slists_bin);
  L->Init(3);
  L->m[0].rtyp=INT_CMD;   L->m[0].data=(void *)(long)p0;
  L->m[1].rtyp=INT_CMD;   L->m[1].data=(void *)(long)a;
  L->m[2].rtyp=INT_CMD;   L->m[2].data=(void *)(long)b;
  res->rtyp=LIST_CMD;
  res->data=(char *)L;
  return FALSE;
}
#ifdef HAVE_FACTORY
static BOOLEAN jjEXTGCD_P(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  poly r,pa,pb;
  BOOLEAN ret=singclap_extgcd((poly)u->Data(),(poly)v->Data(),r,pa,pb);
  if (ret) return TRUE;
  lists L=(lists)omAllocBin(slists_bin);
  L->Init(3);
  res->data=(char *)L;
  L->m[0].data=(void *)r;
  L->m[0].rtyp=POLY_CMD;
  L->m[1].data=(void *)pa;
  L->m[1].rtyp=POLY_CMD;
  L->m[2].data=(void *)pb;
  L->m[2].rtyp=POLY_CMD;
  return FALSE;
}
extern int singclap_factorize_retry;
static BOOLEAN jjFAC_P2(leftv res, leftv u,leftv dummy)
{
  intvec *v=NULL;
  int sw=(int)(long)dummy->Data();
  int fac_sw=sw;
  if ((sw<0)||(sw>2)) fac_sw=1;
  singclap_factorize_retry=0;
  ideal f=singclap_factorize((poly)(u->CopyD()), &v, fac_sw);
  if (f==NULL)
    return TRUE;
  switch(sw)
  {
    case 0:
    case 2:
    {
      lists l=(lists)omAllocBin(slists_bin);
      l->Init(2);
      l->m[0].rtyp=IDEAL_CMD;
      l->m[0].data=(void *)f;
      l->m[1].rtyp=INTVEC_CMD;
      l->m[1].data=(void *)v;
      res->data=(void *)l;
      res->rtyp=LIST_CMD;
      return FALSE;
    }
    case 1:
      res->data=(void *)f;
      return FALSE;
    case 3:
      {
        poly p=f->m[0];
        int i=IDELEMS(f);
        f->m[0]=NULL;
        while(i>1)
        {
          i--;
          p=pMult(p,f->m[i]);
          f->m[i]=NULL;
        }
        res->data=(void *)p;
        res->rtyp=POLY_CMD;
      }
      return FALSE;
  }
  WerrorS("invalid switch");
  return TRUE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjFACSTD2(leftv res, leftv v, leftv w)
{
  ideal_list p,h;
  h=kStdfac((ideal)v->Data(),NULL,testHomog,NULL,(ideal)w->Data());
  p=h;
  int l=0;
  while (p!=NULL) { p=p->next;l++; }
  lists L=(lists)omAllocBin(slists_bin);
  L->Init(l);
  l=0;
  while(h!=NULL)
  {
    L->m[l].data=(char *)h->d;
    L->m[l].rtyp=IDEAL_CMD;
    p=h->next;
    omFreeSize(h,sizeof(*h));
    h=p;
    l++;
  }
  res->data=(void *)L;
  return FALSE;
}
#endif /* HAVE_FACTORY */
static BOOLEAN jjFAREY_BI(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  if (rField_is_Q())
  {
    number uu=(number)u->Data();
    number vv=(number)v->Data();
    res->data=(char *)nlFarey(uu,vv);
    return FALSE;
  }
  else return TRUE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjFAREY_ID(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  if (rField_is_Q())
  {
    ideal uu=(ideal)u->Data();
    number vv=(number)v->Data();
    res->data=(void*)idFarey(uu,vv);
    res->rtyp=u->Typ();
    return FALSE;
  }
  else return TRUE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjFETCH(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  ring r=(ring)u->Data();
  idhdl w;
  int op=iiOp;
  nMapFunc nMap;

  if ((w=r->idroot->get(v->Name(),myynest))!=NULL)
  {
    int *perm=NULL;
    int *par_perm=NULL;
    int par_perm_size=0;
    BOOLEAN bo;
    //if (!nSetMap(rInternalChar(r),r->parameter,rPar(r),r->minpoly))
    if ((nMap=nSetMap(r))==NULL)
    {
      if (rEqual(r,currRing))
      {
        nMap=nCopy;
      }
      else
      // Allow imap/fetch to be make an exception only for:
      if ( (rField_is_Q_a(r) &&  // Q(a..) -> Q(a..) || Q || Zp || Zp(a)
            (rField_is_Q() || rField_is_Q_a() ||
             (rField_is_Zp() || rField_is_Zp_a())))
           ||
           (rField_is_Zp_a(r) &&  // Zp(a..) -> Zp(a..) || Zp
            (rField_is_Zp(currRing, rInternalChar(r)) ||
             rField_is_Zp_a(currRing, rInternalChar(r)))) )
      {
        par_perm_size=rPar(r);
        BITSET save_test=test;
        naSetChar(rInternalChar(r),r);
        nSetChar(currRing);
        test=save_test;
      }
      else
      {
        goto err_fetch;
      }
    }
    if ((iiOp!=FETCH_CMD) || (r->N!=pVariables) || (rPar(r)!=rPar(currRing)))
    {
      perm=(int *)omAlloc0((r->N+1)*sizeof(int));
      if (par_perm_size!=0)
        par_perm=(int *)omAlloc0(par_perm_size*sizeof(int));
      op=IMAP_CMD;
      if (iiOp==IMAP_CMD)
      {
        maFindPerm(r->names,       r->N,       r->parameter,        r->P,
                   currRing->names,currRing->N,currRing->parameter, currRing->P,
                   perm,par_perm, currRing->ch);
      }
      else
      {
        int i;
        if (par_perm_size!=0)
          for(i=si_min(rPar(r),rPar(currRing))-1;i>=0;i--) par_perm[i]=-(i+1);
        for(i=si_min(r->N,pVariables);i>0;i--) perm[i]=i;
      }
    }
    if ((iiOp==FETCH_CMD) &&(BVERBOSE(V_IMAP)))
    {
      int i;
      for(i=0;i<si_min(r->N,pVariables);i++)
      {
        Print("// var nr %d: %s -> %s\n",i,r->names[i],currRing->names[i]);
      }
      for(i=0;i<si_min(rPar(r),rPar(currRing));i++) // possibly empty loop
      {
        Print("// par nr %d: %s -> %s\n",
              i,r->parameter[i],currRing->parameter[i]);
      }
    }
    sleftv tmpW;
    memset(&tmpW,0,sizeof(sleftv));
    tmpW.rtyp=IDTYP(w);
    tmpW.data=IDDATA(w);
    if ((bo=maApplyFetch(op,NULL,res,&tmpW, r,
                         perm,par_perm,par_perm_size,nMap)))
    {
      Werror("cannot map %s of type %s(%d)",v->name, Tok2Cmdname(w->typ),w->typ);
    }
    if (perm!=NULL)
      omFreeSize((ADDRESS)perm,(r->N+1)*sizeof(int));
    if (par_perm!=NULL)
      omFreeSize((ADDRESS)par_perm,par_perm_size*sizeof(int));
    return bo;
  }
  else
  {
    Werror("identifier %s not found in %s",v->Fullname(),u->Fullname());
  }
  return TRUE;
err_fetch:
  Werror("no identity map from %s",u->Fullname());
  return TRUE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjFIND2(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  /*4
  * look for the substring what in the string where
  * return the position of the first char of what in where
  * or 0
  */
  char *where=(char *)u->Data();
  char *what=(char *)v->Data();
  char *found = strstr(where,what);
  if (found != NULL)
  {
    res->data=(char *)((found-where)+1);
  }
  /*else res->data=NULL;*/
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjFWALK(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data=(char *)fractalWalkProc(u,v);
  setFlag( res, FLAG_STD );
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjGCD_I(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  int uu=(int)(long)u->Data();int vv=(int)(long)v->Data();
  int p0=ABS(uu),p1=ABS(vv);
  int r;
  while ( p1!=0 )
  {
    r=p0 % p1;
    p0 = p1; p1 = r;
  }
  res->rtyp=INT_CMD;
  res->data=(char *)(long)p0;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjGCD_BI(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  number a=(number) u->Data();
  number b=(number) v->Data();
  if (nlIsZero(a))
  {
    if (nlIsZero(b)) res->data=(char *)nlInit(1, NULL);
    else             res->data=(char *)nlCopy(b);
  }
  else
  {
    if (nlIsZero(b))  res->data=(char *)nlCopy(a);
    else res->data=(char *)nlGcd(a, b, NULL);
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjGCD_N(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  number a=(number) u->Data();
  number b=(number) v->Data();
  if (nIsZero(a))
  {
    if (nIsZero(b)) res->data=(char *)nInit(1);
    else            res->data=(char *)nCopy(b);
  }
  else
  {
    if (nIsZero(b))  res->data=(char *)nCopy(a);
    else res->data=(char *)nGcd(a, b, currRing);
  }
  return FALSE;
}
#ifdef HAVE_FACTORY
static BOOLEAN jjGCD_P(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data=(void *)singclap_gcd((poly)(u->CopyD(POLY_CMD)),
                                 (poly)(v->CopyD(POLY_CMD)));
  return FALSE;
}
#endif /* HAVE_FACTORY */
static BOOLEAN jjHILBERT2(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  assumeStdFlag(u);
  intvec *module_w=(intvec*)atGet(u,"isHomog",INTVEC_CMD);
  intvec *iv=hFirstSeries((ideal)u->Data(),module_w,currQuotient);
  switch((int)(long)v->Data())
  {
    case 1:
      res->data=(void *)iv;
      return FALSE;
    case 2:
      res->data=(void *)hSecondSeries(iv);
      delete iv;
      return FALSE;
  }
  WerrorS(feNotImplemented);
  delete iv;
  return TRUE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjHOMOG_P(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  int i=pVar((poly)v->Data());
  if (i==0)
  {
    WerrorS("ringvar expected");
    return TRUE;
  }
  poly p=pOne(); pSetExp(p,i,1); pSetm(p);
  int d=pWTotaldegree(p);
  pLmDelete(p);
  if (d==1)
    res->data = (char *)pHomogen((poly)u->Data(),i);
  else
    WerrorS("variable must have weight 1");
  return (d!=1);
}
static BOOLEAN jjHOMOG_ID(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  int i=pVar((poly)v->Data());
  if (i==0)
  {
    WerrorS("ringvar expected");
    return TRUE;
  }
  pFDegProc deg;
  if (pLexOrder && (currRing->order[0]==ringorder_lp))
    deg=p_Totaldegree;
   else
    deg=pFDeg;
  poly p=pOne(); pSetExp(p,i,1); pSetm(p);
  int d=deg(p,currRing);
  pLmDelete(p);
  if (d==1)
    res->data = (char *)idHomogen((ideal)u->Data(),i);
  else
    WerrorS("variable must have weight 1");
  return (d!=1);
}
static BOOLEAN jjHOMOG1_W(leftv res, leftv v, leftv u)
{
  intvec *w=new intvec(rVar(currRing));
  intvec *vw=(intvec*)u->Data();
  ideal v_id=(ideal)v->Data();
  pFDegProc save_FDeg=pFDeg;
  pLDegProc save_LDeg=pLDeg;
  BOOLEAN save_pLexOrder=pLexOrder;
  pLexOrder=FALSE;
  kHomW=vw;
  kModW=w;
  pSetDegProcs(kHomModDeg);
  res->data=(void *)(long)idHomModule(v_id,currQuotient,&w);
  pLexOrder=save_pLexOrder;
  kHomW=NULL;
  kModW=NULL;
  pRestoreDegProcs(save_FDeg,save_LDeg);
  if (w!=NULL) delete w;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjINDEPSET2(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  assumeStdFlag(u);
  res->data=(void *)scIndIndset((ideal)(u->Data()),(int)(long)(v->Data()),
                    currQuotient);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjINTERSECT(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data=(char *)idSect((ideal)u->Data(),(ideal)v->Data());
  setFlag(res,FLAG_STD);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjJanetBasis2(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  return jjStdJanetBasis(res,u,(int)(long)v->Data());
}
static BOOLEAN jjJET_P(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)pJet((poly)u->CopyD(), (int)(long)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjJET_ID(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)idJet((ideal)u->Data(),(int)(long)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjKBASE2(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  assumeStdFlag(u);
  intvec *w_u=(intvec *)atGet(u,"isHomog",INTVEC_CMD);
  res->data = (char *)scKBase((int)(long)v->Data(),
                              (ideal)(u->Data()),currQuotient, w_u);
  if (w_u!=NULL)
  {
    atSet(res,omStrDup("isHomog"),ivCopy(w_u),INTVEC_CMD);
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjPREIMAGE(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v, leftv w);
static BOOLEAN jjKERNEL(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  return jjPREIMAGE(res,u,v,NULL);
}
static BOOLEAN jjKoszul(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  return mpKoszul(res, u,v);
}
static BOOLEAN jjKoszul_Id(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  sleftv h;
  memset(&h,0,sizeof(sleftv));
  h.rtyp=INT_CMD;
  h.data=(void *)(long)IDELEMS((ideal)v->Data());
  return mpKoszul(res, u, &h, v);
}
static BOOLEAN jjLIFT(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  ideal m;
  BITSET save_test=test;
  int ul= IDELEMS((ideal)u->Data());
  int vl= IDELEMS((ideal)v->Data());
  m = idLift((ideal)u->Data(),(ideal)v->Data(),NULL,FALSE,hasFlag(u,FLAG_STD));
  res->data = (char *)idModule2formatedMatrix(m,ul,vl);
  test=save_test;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjLIFTSTD(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  if ((v->rtyp!=IDHDL)||(v->e!=NULL)) return TRUE;
  idhdl h=(idhdl)v->data;
  // CopyD for IDEAL_CMD and MODUL_CMD are identical:
  res->data = (char *)idLiftStd((ideal)u->Data(),
                                &(h->data.umatrix),testHomog);
  setFlag(res,FLAG_STD); v->flag=0;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjLOAD2(leftv res, leftv u,leftv v)
{
  return jjLOAD(res, v,TRUE);
}
static BOOLEAN jjLOAD_E(leftv res, leftv v, leftv u)
{
  char * s=(char *)u->Data();
  if(strcmp(s, "with")==0)
    return jjLOAD(res, v, TRUE);
  WerrorS("invalid second argument");
  WerrorS("load(\"libname\" [,\"with\"]);");
  return TRUE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjMODULO(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  intvec *w_u=(intvec *)atGet(u,"isHomog",INTVEC_CMD);
  tHomog hom=testHomog;
  if (w_u!=NULL)
  {
    w_u=ivCopy(w_u);
    hom=isHomog;
  }
  intvec *w_v=(intvec *)atGet(v,"isHomog",INTVEC_CMD);
  if (w_v!=NULL)
  {
    w_v=ivCopy(w_v);
    hom=isHomog;
  }
  if ((w_u!=NULL) && (w_v==NULL))
    w_v=ivCopy(w_u);
  if ((w_v!=NULL) && (w_u==NULL))
    w_u=ivCopy(w_v);
  ideal u_id=(ideal)u->Data();
  ideal v_id=(ideal)v->Data();
  if (w_u!=NULL)
  {
     if ((*w_u).compare((w_v))!=0)
     {
       WarnS("incompatible weights");
       delete w_u; w_u=NULL;
       hom=testHomog;
     }
     else
     {
       if ((!idTestHomModule(u_id,currQuotient,w_v))
       || (!idTestHomModule(v_id,currQuotient,w_v)))
       {
         WarnS("wrong weights");
         delete w_u; w_u=NULL;
         hom=testHomog;
       }
     }
  }
  res->data = (char *)idModulo(u_id,v_id ,hom,&w_u);
  if (w_u!=NULL)
  {
    atSet(res,omStrDup("isHomog"),w_u,INTVEC_CMD);
  }
  delete w_v;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjMOD_BI(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  number q=(number)v->Data();
  if (nlIsZero(q))
  {
    WerrorS(ii_div_by_0);
    return TRUE;
  }
  res->data =(char *) nlIntMod((number)u->Data(),q);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjMOD_N(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  number q=(number)v->Data();
  if (nIsZero(q))
  {
    WerrorS(ii_div_by_0);
    return TRUE;
  }
  res->data =(char *) nIntMod((number)u->Data(),q);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjMONITOR2(leftv res, leftv u,leftv v);
static BOOLEAN jjMONITOR1(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  return jjMONITOR2(res,v,NULL);
}
static BOOLEAN jjMONITOR2(leftv res, leftv u,leftv v)
{
#if 0
  char *opt=(char *)v->Data();
  int mode=0;
  while(*opt!='\0')
  {
    if (*opt=='i') mode |= PROT_I;
    else if (*opt=='o') mode |= PROT_O;
    opt++;
  }
  monitor((char *)(u->Data()),mode);
#else
  si_link l=(si_link)u->Data();
  if (slOpen(l,SI_LINK_WRITE,u)) return TRUE;
  if(strcmp(l->m->type,"ASCII")!=0)
  {
    Werror("ASCII link required, not `%s`",l->m->type);
    slClose(l);
    return TRUE;
  }
  SI_LINK_SET_CLOSE_P(l); // febase handles the FILE*
  if ( l->name[0]!='\0') // "" is the stop condition
  {
    const char *opt;
    int mode=0;
    if (v==NULL) opt=(const char*)"i";
    else         opt=(const char *)v->Data();
    while(*opt!='\0')
    {
      if (*opt=='i') mode |= PROT_I;
      else if (*opt=='o') mode |= PROT_O;
      opt++;
    }
    monitor((FILE *)l->data,mode);
  }
  else
    monitor(NULL,0);
  return FALSE;
#endif
}
static BOOLEAN jjMONOM(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  intvec *iv=(intvec *)v->Data();
  poly p=pOne();
  int i,e;
  BOOLEAN err=FALSE;
  for(i=si_min(pVariables,iv->length()); i>0; i--)
  {
    e=(*iv)[i-1];
    if (e>=0) pSetExp(p,i,e);
    else err=TRUE;
  }
  if (iv->length()==(pVariables+1))
  {
    res->rtyp=VECTOR_CMD;
    e=(*iv)[pVariables];
    if (e>=0) pSetComp(p,e);
    else err=TRUE;
  }
  pSetm(p);
  res->data=(char*)p;
  if(err) { pDelete(&p); WerrorS("no negative exponent allowed"); }
  return err;
}
static BOOLEAN jjPARSTR2(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  idhdl h=(idhdl)u->data;
  int i=(int)(long)v->Data();
  int p=0;
  if ((0<i)
  && (IDRING(h)->parameter!=NULL)
  && (i<=(p=rPar(IDRING(h)))))
    res->data=omStrDup(IDRING(h)->parameter[i-1]);
  else
  {
    Werror("par number %d out of range 1..%d",i,p);
    return TRUE;
  }
  return FALSE;
}
#ifdef HAVE_PLURAL
static BOOLEAN jjPlural_num_poly(leftv res, leftv a, leftv b)
{
  if( currRing->qideal != NULL )
  {
    WerrorS("basering must NOT be a qring!");
    return TRUE;
  }

  if (iiOp==NCALGEBRA_CMD)
  {
    return nc_CallPlural(NULL,NULL,(poly)a->Data(),(poly)b->Data(),currRing);
  }
  else
  {
    ring r=rCopy(currRing);
    BOOLEAN result=nc_CallPlural(NULL,NULL,(poly)a->Data(),(poly)b->Data(),r);
    res->data=r;
    if (r->qideal!=NULL) res->rtyp=QRING_CMD;
    return result;
  }
}
static BOOLEAN jjPlural_num_mat(leftv res, leftv a, leftv b)
{
  if( currRing->qideal != NULL )
  {
    WerrorS("basering must NOT be a qring!");
    return TRUE;
  }

  if (iiOp==NCALGEBRA_CMD)
  {
    return nc_CallPlural(NULL,(matrix)b->Data(),(poly)a->Data(),NULL,currRing);
  }
  else
  {
    ring r=rCopy(currRing);
    BOOLEAN result=nc_CallPlural(NULL,(matrix)b->Data(),(poly)a->Data(),NULL,r);
    res->data=r;
    if (r->qideal!=NULL) res->rtyp=QRING_CMD;
    return result;
  }
}
static BOOLEAN jjPlural_mat_poly(leftv res, leftv a, leftv b)
{
  if( currRing->qideal != NULL )
  {
    WerrorS("basering must NOT be a qring!");
    return TRUE;
  }

  if (iiOp==NCALGEBRA_CMD)
  {
    return nc_CallPlural((matrix)a->Data(),NULL,NULL,(poly)b->Data(),currRing);
  }
  else
  {
    ring r=rCopy(currRing);
    BOOLEAN result=nc_CallPlural((matrix)a->Data(),NULL,NULL,(poly)b->Data(),r);
    res->data=r;
    if (r->qideal!=NULL) res->rtyp=QRING_CMD;
    return result;
  }
}
static BOOLEAN jjPlural_mat_mat(leftv res, leftv a, leftv b)
{
  if( currRing->qideal != NULL )
  {
    WerrorS("basering must NOT be a qring!");
    return TRUE;
  }

  if (iiOp==NCALGEBRA_CMD)
  {
    return nc_CallPlural((matrix)a->Data(),(matrix)b->Data(),NULL,NULL,currRing);
  }
  else
  {
    ring r=rCopy(currRing);
    BOOLEAN result=nc_CallPlural((matrix)a->Data(),(matrix)b->Data(),NULL,NULL,r);
    res->data=r;
    if (r->qideal!=NULL) res->rtyp=QRING_CMD;
    return result;
  }
}
static BOOLEAN jjBRACKET(leftv res, leftv a, leftv b)
{
  res->data=NULL;

  if (rIsPluralRing(currRing))
  {
    const poly q = (poly)b->Data();

    if( q != NULL )
    {
      if( (poly)a->Data() != NULL )
      {
        poly p = (poly)a->CopyD(POLY_CMD); // p = copy!
        res->data = nc_p_Bracket_qq(p,q); // p will be destroyed!
      }
    }
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjOPPOSE(leftv res, leftv a, leftv b)
{
  /* number, poly, vector, ideal, module, matrix */
  ring  r = (ring)a->Data();
  if (r == currRing)
  {
    res->data = b->Data();
    res->rtyp = b->rtyp;
    return FALSE;
  }
  if (!rIsLikeOpposite(currRing, r))
  {
    Werror("%s is not an opposite ring to current ring",a->Fullname());
    return TRUE;
  }
  idhdl w;
  if( ((w=r->idroot->get(b->Name(),myynest))!=NULL) && (b->e==NULL))
  {
    int argtype = IDTYP(w);
    switch (argtype)
    {
    case NUMBER_CMD:
      {
        /* since basefields are equal, we can apply nCopy */
        res->data = nCopy((number)IDDATA(w));
        res->rtyp = argtype;
        break;
      }
    case POLY_CMD:
    case VECTOR_CMD:
      {
        poly    q = (poly)IDDATA(w);
        res->data = pOppose(r,q);
        res->rtyp = argtype;
        break;
      }
    case IDEAL_CMD:
    case MODUL_CMD:
      {
        ideal   Q = (ideal)IDDATA(w);
        res->data = idOppose(r,Q);
        res->rtyp = argtype;
        break;
      }
    case MATRIX_CMD:
      {
        ring save = currRing;
        rChangeCurrRing(r);
        matrix  m = (matrix)IDDATA(w);
        ideal   Q = idMatrix2Module(mpCopy(m));
        rChangeCurrRing(save);
        ideal   S = idOppose(r,Q);
        id_Delete(&Q, r);
        res->data = idModule2Matrix(S);
        res->rtyp = argtype;
        break;
      }
    default:
      {
        WerrorS("unsupported type in oppose");
        return TRUE;
      }
    }
  }
  else
  {
    Werror("identifier %s not found in %s",b->Fullname(),a->Fullname());
    return TRUE;
  }
  return FALSE;
}
#endif /* HAVE_PLURAL */

static BOOLEAN jjQUOT(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)idQuot((ideal)u->Data(),(ideal)v->Data(),
    hasFlag(u,FLAG_STD),u->Typ()==v->Typ());
  idDelMultiples((ideal)(res->data));
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjRANDOM(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  int i=(int)(long)u->Data();
  int j=(int)(long)v->Data();
  res->data =(char *)(long)((i > j) ? i : (siRand() % (j-i+1)) + i);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjRANK2(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  matrix m =(matrix)u->Data();
  int isRowEchelon = (int)(long)v->Data();
  if (isRowEchelon != 1) isRowEchelon = 0;
  int rank = luRank(m, isRowEchelon);
  res->data =(char *)(long)rank;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjREAD2(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  si_link l=(si_link)u->Data();
  leftv r=slRead(l,v);
  if (r==NULL)
  {
    const char *s;
    if ((l!=NULL)&&(l->name!=NULL)) s=l->name;
    else                            s=sNoName;
    Werror("cannot read from `%s`",s);
    return TRUE;
  }
  memcpy(res,r,sizeof(sleftv));
  omFreeBin((ADDRESS)r, sleftv_bin);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjREDUCE_P(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  assumeStdFlag(v);
  res->data = (char *)kNF((ideal)v->Data(),currQuotient,(poly)u->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjREDUCE_ID(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  assumeStdFlag(v);
  ideal ui=(ideal)u->Data();
  idTest(ui);
  ideal vi=(ideal)v->Data();
  idTest(vi);
  res->data = (char *)kNF(vi,currQuotient,ui);
  return FALSE;
}
#if 0
static BOOLEAN jjRES(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  int maxl=(int)(long)v->Data();
  if (maxl<0)
  {
    WerrorS("length for res must not be negative");
    return TRUE;
  }
  int l=0;
  //resolvente r;
  syStrategy r;
  intvec *weights=NULL;
  int wmaxl=maxl;
  ideal u_id=(ideal)u->Data();

  maxl--;
  if ((maxl==-1) /*&& (iiOp!=MRES_CMD)*/)
  {
    maxl = pVariables-1+2*(iiOp==MRES_CMD);
    if (currQuotient!=NULL)
    {
      Warn(
      "full resolution in a qring may be infinite, setting max length to %d",
      maxl+1);
    }
  }
  weights=(intvec*)atGet(u,"isHomog",INTVEC_CMD);
  if (weights!=NULL)
  {
    if (!idTestHomModule(u_id,currQuotient,weights))
    {
      WarnS("wrong weights given:");weights->show();PrintLn();
      weights=NULL;
    }
  }
  intvec *ww=NULL;
  int add_row_shift=0;
  if (weights!=NULL)
  {
     ww=ivCopy(weights);
     add_row_shift = ww->min_in();
     (*ww) -= add_row_shift;
  }
  else
    idHomModule(u_id,currQuotient,&ww);
  weights=ww;

  if ((iiOp == RES_CMD) || (iiOp == MRES_CMD))
  {
    r=syResolution(u_id,maxl, ww, iiOp==MRES_CMD);
  }
  else if (iiOp==SRES_CMD)
  //  r=sySchreyerResolvente(u_id,maxl+1,&l);
    r=sySchreyer(u_id,maxl+1);
  else if (iiOp == LRES_CMD)
  {
    int dummy;
    if((currQuotient!=NULL)||
    (!idHomIdeal (u_id,NULL)))
    {
       WerrorS
       ("`lres` not implemented for inhomogeneous input or qring");
       return TRUE;
    }
    r=syLaScala3(u_id,&dummy);
  }
  else if (iiOp == KRES_CMD)
  {
    int dummy;
    if((currQuotient!=NULL)||
    (!idHomIdeal (u_id,NULL)))
    {
       WerrorS
       ("`kres` not implemented for inhomogeneous input or qring");
       return TRUE;
    }
    r=syKosz(u_id,&dummy);
  }
  else
  {
    int dummy;
    if((currQuotient!=NULL)||
    (!idHomIdeal (u_id,NULL)))
    {
       WerrorS
       ("`hres` not implemented for inhomogeneous input or qring");
       return TRUE;
    }
    r=syHilb(u_id,&dummy);
  }
  if (r==NULL) return TRUE;
  //res->data=(void *)liMakeResolv(r,l,wmaxl,u->Typ(),weights);
  r->list_length=wmaxl;
  res->data=(void *)r;
  if ((r->weights!=NULL) && (r->weights[0]!=NULL))
  {
    intvec *w=ivCopy(r->weights[0]);
    if (weights!=NULL) (*w) += add_row_shift;
    atSet(res,omStrDup("isHomog"),w,INTVEC_CMD);
    w=NULL;
  }
  else
  {
//#if 0
// need to set weights for ALL components (sres)
    if (weights!=NULL)
    {
      atSet(res,omStrDup("isHomog"),ivCopy(weights),INTVEC_CMD);
      r->weights = (intvec**)omAlloc0Bin(char_ptr_bin);
      (r->weights)[0] = ivCopy(weights);
    }
//#endif
  }
  if (ww!=NULL) { delete ww; ww=NULL; }
  return FALSE;
}
#else
static BOOLEAN jjRES(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  int maxl=(int)(long)v->Data();
  if (maxl<0)
  {
    WerrorS("length for res must not be negative");
    return TRUE;
  }
  int l=0;
  //resolvente r;
  syStrategy r;
  intvec *weights=NULL;
  int wmaxl=maxl;
  ideal u_id=(ideal)u->Data();

  maxl--;
  if ((maxl==-1) /*&& (iiOp!=MRES_CMD)*/)
  {
    maxl = pVariables-1+2*(iiOp==MRES_CMD);
    if (currQuotient!=NULL)
    {
      Warn(
      "full resolution in a qring may be infinite, setting max length to %d",
      maxl+1);
    }
  }
  weights=(intvec*)atGet(u,"isHomog",INTVEC_CMD);
  if (weights!=NULL)
  {
    if (!idTestHomModule(u_id,currQuotient,weights))
    {
      WarnS("wrong weights given:");weights->show();PrintLn();
      weights=NULL;
    }
  }
  intvec *ww=NULL;
  int add_row_shift=0;
  if (weights!=NULL)
  {
     ww=ivCopy(weights);
     add_row_shift = ww->min_in();
     (*ww) -= add_row_shift;
  }
  if ((iiOp == RES_CMD) || (iiOp == MRES_CMD))
  {
    r=syResolution(u_id,maxl, ww, iiOp==MRES_CMD);
  }
  else if (iiOp==SRES_CMD)
  //  r=sySchreyerResolvente(u_id,maxl+1,&l);
    r=sySchreyer(u_id,maxl+1);
  else if (iiOp == LRES_CMD)
  {
    int dummy;
    if((currQuotient!=NULL)||
    (!idHomIdeal (u_id,NULL)))
    {
       WerrorS
       ("`lres` not implemented for inhomogeneous input or qring");
       return TRUE;
    }
    r=syLaScala3(u_id,&dummy);
  }
  else if (iiOp == KRES_CMD)
  {
    int dummy;
    if((currQuotient!=NULL)||
    (!idHomIdeal (u_id,NULL)))
    {
       WerrorS
       ("`kres` not implemented for inhomogeneous input or qring");
       return TRUE;
    }
    r=syKosz(u_id,&dummy);
  }
  else
  {
    int dummy;
    if((currQuotient!=NULL)||
    (!idHomIdeal (u_id,NULL)))
    {
       WerrorS
       ("`hres` not implemented for inhomogeneous input or qring");
       return TRUE;
    }
    ideal u_id_copy=idCopy(u_id);
    idSkipZeroes(u_id_copy);
    r=syHilb(u_id_copy,&dummy);
    idDelete(&u_id_copy);
  }
  if (r==NULL) return TRUE;
  //res->data=(void *)liMakeResolv(r,l,wmaxl,u->Typ(),weights);
  r->list_length=wmaxl;
  res->data=(void *)r;
  if ((weights!=NULL) && (ww!=NULL)) { delete ww; ww=NULL; }
  if ((r->weights!=NULL) && (r->weights[0]!=NULL))
  {
    ww=ivCopy(r->weights[0]);
    if (weights!=NULL) (*ww) += add_row_shift;
    atSet(res,omStrDup("isHomog"),ww,INTVEC_CMD);
  }
  else
  {
    if (weights!=NULL)
    {
      atSet(res,omStrDup("isHomog"),ivCopy(weights),INTVEC_CMD);
    }
  }
  return FALSE;
}
#endif
static BOOLEAN jjPFAC2(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  number n1; number n2; number temp; int i;

  if ((u->Typ() == BIGINT_CMD) ||
     ((u->Typ() == NUMBER_CMD) && rField_is_Q()))
  {
    temp = (number)u->Data();
    n1 = nlCopy(temp);
  }
  else if (u->Typ() == INT_CMD)
  {
    i = (int)(long)u->Data();
    n1 = nlInit(i, NULL);
  }
  else
  {
    WerrorS("wrong type: expected int, bigint, or number as 1st argument");
    return TRUE;
  }

  if ((v->Typ() == BIGINT_CMD) ||
     ((v->Typ() == NUMBER_CMD) && rField_is_Q()))
  {
    temp = (number)v->Data();
    n2 = nlCopy(temp);
  }
  else if (v->Typ() == INT_CMD)
  {
    i = (int)(long)v->Data();
    n2 = nlInit(i, NULL);
  }
  else
  {
    WerrorS("wrong type: expected int, bigint, or number as 2nd argument");
    return TRUE;
  }

  lists l = primeFactorisation(n1, n2);
  nlDelete(&n1, NULL); nlDelete(&n2, NULL);
  res->data = (char*)l;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjRSUM(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  ring r;
  int i=rSum((ring)u->Data(),(ring)v->Data(),r);
  res->data = (char *)r;
  return (i==-1);
}
#define SIMPL_LMDIV 32
#define SIMPL_LMEQ  16
#define SIMPL_MULT 8
#define SIMPL_EQU  4
#define SIMPL_NULL 2
#define SIMPL_NORM 1
static BOOLEAN jjSIMPL_ID(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  int sw = (int)(long)v->Data();
  // CopyD for IDEAL_CMD and MODUL_CMD are identical:
  ideal id = (ideal)u->CopyD(IDEAL_CMD);
  if (sw & SIMPL_LMDIV)
  {
    idDelDiv(id);
  }
  if (sw & SIMPL_LMEQ)
  {
    idDelLmEquals(id);
  }
  if (sw & SIMPL_MULT)
  {
    idDelMultiples(id);
  }
  else if(sw & SIMPL_EQU)
  {
    idDelEquals(id);
  }
  if (sw & SIMPL_NULL)
  {
    idSkipZeroes(id);
  }
  if (sw & SIMPL_NORM)
  {
    idNorm(id);
  }
  res->data = (char * )id;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjSTATUS2(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = omStrDup(slStatus((si_link) u->Data(), (char *) v->Data()));
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjSTATUS2L(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (void *)(long)slStatusSsiL((lists) u->Data(), (int)(long) v->Data());
  //return (res->data== (void*)(long)-2);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjSIMPL_P(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  int sw = (int)(long)v->Data();
  // CopyD for POLY_CMD and VECTOR_CMD are identical:
  poly p = (poly)u->CopyD(POLY_CMD);
  if (sw & SIMPL_NORM)
  {
    pNorm(p);
  }
  res->data = (char * )p;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjSTD_HILB(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  ideal result;
  intvec *w=(intvec *)atGet(u,"isHomog",INTVEC_CMD);
  tHomog hom=testHomog;
  ideal u_id=(ideal)(u->Data());
  if (w!=NULL)
  {
    if (!idTestHomModule(u_id,currQuotient,w))
    {
      WarnS("wrong weights:");w->show();PrintLn();
      w=NULL;
    }
    else
    {
      w=ivCopy(w);
      hom=isHomog;
    }
  }
  result=kStd(u_id,currQuotient,hom,&w,(intvec *)v->Data());
  idSkipZeroes(result);
  res->data = (char *)result;
  setFlag(res,FLAG_STD);
  if (w!=NULL) atSet(res,omStrDup("isHomog"),w,INTVEC_CMD);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjSTD_1(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v);
static void jjSTD_1_ID(leftv res, ideal i0, int t0, ideal p0, attr a)
/* destroys i0, p0 */
/* result (with attributes) in res */
/* i0: SB*/
/* t0: type of p0*/
/* p0 new elements*/
/* a attributes of i0*/
{
  int tp;
  if (t0==IDEAL_CMD) tp=POLY_CMD;
  else               tp=VECTOR_CMD;
  for (int i=IDELEMS(p0)-1; i>=0; i--)
  {
    poly p=p0->m[i];
    p0->m[i]=NULL;
    if (p!=NULL)
    {
      sleftv u0,v0;
      memset(&u0,0,sizeof(sleftv));
      memset(&v0,0,sizeof(sleftv));
      v0.rtyp=tp;
      v0.data=(void*)p;
      u0.rtyp=t0;
      u0.data=i0;
      u0.attribute=a;
      setFlag(&u0,FLAG_STD);
      jjSTD_1(res,&u0,&v0);
      i0=(ideal)res->data;
      res->data=NULL;
      a=res->attribute;
      res->attribute=NULL;
      u0.CleanUp();
      v0.CleanUp();
      res->CleanUp();
    }
  }
  idDelete(&p0);
  res->attribute=a;
  res->data=(void *)i0;
  res->rtyp=t0;
}
static BOOLEAN jjSTD_1(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  ideal result;
  assumeStdFlag(u);
  ideal i1=(ideal)(u->Data());
  ideal i0;
  int r=v->Typ();
  if ((/*v->Typ()*/r==POLY_CMD) ||(r==VECTOR_CMD))
  {
    i0=idInit(1,i1->rank); // TODO: rank is wrong (if v is a vector!)
    i0->m[0]=(poly)v->Data();
    int ii0=idElem(i0); /* size of i0 */
    i1=idSimpleAdd(i1,i0); //
    memset(i0->m,0,sizeof(poly)*IDELEMS(i0));
    idDelete(&i0);
    intvec *w=(intvec *)atGet(u,"isHomog",INTVEC_CMD);
    tHomog hom=testHomog;

    if (w!=NULL)
    {
      if (!idTestHomModule(i1,currQuotient,w))
      {
        // no warnung: this is legal, if i in std(i,p)
        // is homogeneous, but p not
        w=NULL;
      }
      else
      {
        w=ivCopy(w);
        hom=isHomog;
      }
    }
    BITSET save_test=test;
    test|=Sy_bit(OPT_SB_1);
    /* ii0 appears to be the position of the first element of il that
       does not belong to the old SB ideal */
    result=kStd(i1,currQuotient,hom,&w,NULL,0,ii0);
    test=save_test;
    idDelete(&i1);
    idSkipZeroes(result);
    if (w!=NULL) atSet(res,omStrDup("isHomog"),w,INTVEC_CMD);
    res->data = (char *)result;
  }
  else /*IDEAL/MODULE*/
  {
    attr a=NULL;
    if (u->attribute!=NULL) a=u->attribute->Copy();
    jjSTD_1_ID(res,(ideal)u->CopyD(),r,(ideal)v->CopyD(),a);
  }
  if(!TEST_OPT_DEGBOUND) setFlag(res,FLAG_STD);
  return FALSE;
}
#ifdef HAVE_FANS
int integerToInt(gfan::Integer const &V, bool &ok)
{
  mpz_t v;
  mpz_init(v);
  V.setGmp(v);
  int ret=0;
  if(mpz_fits_sint_p(v))
    ret=mpz_get_si(v);
  else
    ok=false;
  mpz_clear(v);
  return ret;
}
intvec* zVector2Intvec(const gfan::ZVector zv)
{
  int d=zv.size();
  intvec* iv = new intvec(1, d, 0);
  bool ok = true;
  for(int i=1;i<=d;i++)
    IMATELEM(*iv, 1, i) = integerToInt(zv[i-1], ok);
  if (!ok) WerrorS("overflow while converting a gfan::ZVector to an intvec");
  return iv;
}
intvec* zMatrix2Intvec(const gfan::ZMatrix zm)
{
  int d=zm.getHeight();
  int n=zm.getWidth();
  intvec* iv = new intvec(d, n, 0);
  bool ok = true;
  for(int i=1;i<=d;i++)
    for(int j=1;j<=n;j++)
      IMATELEM(*iv, i, j) = integerToInt(zm[i-1][j-1], ok);
  if (!ok) WerrorS("overflow while converting a gfan::ZMatrix to an intmat");
  return iv;
}
gfan::ZMatrix intmat2ZMatrix(const intvec* iMat)
{
  int d=iMat->rows();
  int n=iMat->cols();
  gfan::ZMatrix ret(d,n);
  for(int i=0;i<d;i++)
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
      ret[i][j]=IMATELEM(*iMat, i+1, j+1);
  return ret;
}
/* expects iMat to have just one row */
gfan::ZVector intvec2ZVector(const intvec* iVec)
{
  int n =iVec->rows();
  gfan::ZVector ret(n);
  for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
    ret[j]=IMATELEM(*iVec, j+1, 1);
  return ret;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCONERAYS2(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  /* method for generating a cone object from half-lines,
     and lines (any point in the cone being the sum of a point
     in the convex hull of the half-lines and a point in the span
     of the lines; the second argument may contain or entirely consist
     of zero rows);
     valid parametrizations: (intmat, intmat)
     Errors will be invoked in the following cases:
     - u and v have different numbers of columns */
  intvec* rays = (intvec *)u->CopyD(INTVEC_CMD);
  intvec* linSpace = (intvec *)v->CopyD(INTVEC_CMD);
  if (rays->cols() != linSpace->cols())
  {
    Werror("expected same number of columns but got %d vs. %d",
           rays->cols(), linSpace->cols());
    return TRUE;
  }
  gfan::ZMatrix zm1 = intmat2ZMatrix(rays);
  gfan::ZMatrix zm2 = intmat2ZMatrix(linSpace);
  gfan::ZCone* zc = new gfan::ZCone();
  *zc = gfan::ZCone::givenByRays(zm1, zm2);
  res->data = (char *)zc;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjFACECONT(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  gfan::ZCone* zc = (gfan::ZCone*)u->Data();
  intvec* iv = (intvec*)v->Data();
  gfan::ZVector zv = intvec2ZVector(iv);
  int d1 = zc->ambientDimension();
  int d2 = zv.size();
  if (d1 != d2)
    Werror("expected ambient dim of cone and size of vector\n"
           "to be equal but got %d and %d", d1, d2);
  if(!zc->contains(zv))
  {
    WerrorS("provided intvec does not lie in the cone");
  }
  res->data = (void *)new gfan::ZCone(zc->faceContaining(zv));
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjINTERSC(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{ 
  gfan::ZCone* zc1 = (gfan::ZCone*)u->Data();
  gfan::ZCone* zc2 = (gfan::ZCone*)v->Data();
  int d1 = zc1->ambientDimension();
  int d2 = zc2->ambientDimension();
  if (d1 != d2)
    Werror("expected ambient dims of both cones to coincide\n"
           "but got %d and %d", d1, d2);
  gfan::ZCone zc3 = gfan::intersection(*zc1, *zc2);
  res->data = (void *)new gfan::ZCone(zc3);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCONELINK(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  gfan::ZCone* zc = (gfan::ZCone*)u->Data();
  intvec* iv = (intvec*)v->Data();
  gfan::ZVector zv= intvec2ZVector(iv);
  int d1 = zc->ambientDimension();
  int d2 = zv.size();
  if (d1 != d2)
    Werror("expected ambient dim of cone and size of vector\n"
           "to be equal but got %d and %d", d1, d2);
  if(!zc->contains(zv))
  {
    WerrorS("the provided intvec does not lie in the cone");
  }
  res->data = (void *)new gfan::ZCone(zc->link(zv));
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCONTAINS2(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  gfan::ZCone* zc1 = (gfan::ZCone*)u->Data();
  gfan::ZCone* zc2 = (gfan::ZCone*)v->Data();
  int d1 = zc1->ambientDimension();
  int d2 = zc2->ambientDimension();
  if (d1 != d2)
    Werror("expected cones with same ambient dimensions\n but got"
           " dimensions %d and %d", d1, d2);
  res->data = (void *)(zc1->contains(*zc2) ? 1 : 0);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCONENORMALS2(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  /* method for generating a cone object from iequalities,
     and equations (...)
     valid parametrizations: (intmat, intmat)
     Errors will be invoked in the following cases:
     - u and v have different numbers of columns */
  intvec* inequs = (intvec *)u->CopyD(INTVEC_CMD);
  intvec* equs = (intvec *)v->CopyD(INTVEC_CMD);
  if (inequs->cols() != equs->cols())
  {
    Werror("expected same number of columns but got %d vs. %d",
           inequs->cols(), equs->cols());
    return TRUE;
  }
  gfan::ZMatrix zm1 = intmat2ZMatrix(inequs);
  gfan::ZMatrix zm2 = intmat2ZMatrix(equs);
  gfan::ZCone* zc = new gfan::ZCone(zm1, zm2);
  res->data = (char *)zc;
  return FALSE;
}
/*
static BOOLEAN jjDELMCONE2(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  /* method for deleting a maximal cone from the given fan;
     valid parametrizations: (fan, int),
     Errors will be invoked in the following cases:
     - the given index is out of range [0..m-1], where m is
       the number of maximal cones in the given fan */
/*  Fan* f = (Fan*)u->Data();
  int index = (int)(long)v->Data();
  int n = f->getNumberOfMaxCones();
  if (n == 0)
  {
    WerrorS("no maximal cones defined in the given fan");
    return TRUE;
  }
  if ((index < 0) || (n <= index))
  {
    Werror("cone index %d out of range [0..%d]; no cone deleted",
           index, f->getNumberOfMaxCones() - 1);
    return TRUE;
  }
  f->deleteMaxCone(index);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjDELMCONE3(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  /* method for deleting numerous maximal cones from the
     given fan;
     valid parametrizations: (fan, intvec),
     Errors will be invoked in the following cases:
     - one of the given indices is out of range [0..m-1],
       where m is the number of maximal cones in the given
       fan;
     The method does not check whether the given indices are
     mutually distinct. This is however assumed by this method. */
/*  Fan* f = (Fan*)u->Data();
  intvec* iv = (intvec*)v->Data();
  int n = f->getNumberOfMaxCones();
  if (n == 0)
  {
    WerrorS("no maximal cones defined in the given fan");
    return TRUE;
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < iv->length(); i++)
    if (((*iv)[i] < 0) || (n <= (*iv)[i]))
    {
      Werror("cone index %d out of range [0..%d]", (*iv)[i], n - 1);
      return TRUE;
    }
  f->deleteMaxCones(iv);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjMAXCONE1(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  /* method for retrieving a maximal cone from the given fan;
     valid parametrizations: (fan, int),
     Errors will be invoked in the following cases:
     - maximal cones not yet set in the fan,
     - maximal cone index out of range;
     The method returns an object of type cone. */
/*  Fan* f = (Fan*)u->Data();
  int index = (int)(long)v->Data();
  int n = f->getNumberOfMaxCones();
  if (n == 0)
  {
    WerrorS("no maximal cones defined in the given fan");
    return TRUE;
  }
  if ((index < 0) || (n <= index))
  {
    Werror("cone index %d out of range [0..%d]", index, n - 1);
    return TRUE;
  }
  Cone* c = f->getMaxCone(index);
  res->data = (char*)c;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjMAXCONE2(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  /* method for retrieving numerous maximal cones of the given fan
     in a list;
     valid parametrizations: (fan, intvec),
     Errors will be invoked in the following cases:
     - maximal cones not yet set in the fan,
     - cone index out of range;
     The method returns a list of cone objects. */
/*  Fan* f = (Fan*)u->Data();
  intvec* iv = (intvec*)v->Data();
  int n = f->getNumberOfMaxCones();
  if (n == 0)
  {
    WerrorS("no maximal cones defined in the given fan");
    return TRUE;
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < iv->length(); i++)
    if (((*iv)[i] < 0) || (n <= (*iv)[i]))
    {
      Werror("cone index %d out of range [0..%d]", (*iv)[i], n - 1);
      return TRUE;
    }
  lists maxCones = f->getMaxCones(iv);
  res->data = (char*)maxCones;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjGETPROP1(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  /* method for retrieving fan properties;
     valid parametrizations: (fan, string),
     Errors will be invoked in the following cases:
     - fan has so far only been instantiated by "fan f;",
     - string is neither of 'ambientdim', 'dim', 'complete',
       'simplicial', 'pure' */
/*  Fan* f = (Fan*)u->Data();
  char* prop = (char*)v->Data();
  int result;

  if (f->getLinSpace() == NULL)
  {
    WerrorS("the given fan has no properties yet (freshly instantiated)");
    return TRUE;
  }

  if      (strcmp(prop, "ambientdim") == 0)
    result = f->getAmbientDim();
  else if (strcmp(prop, "dim")        == 0)
    result = f->getDim();
  else if (strcmp(prop, "complete")   == 0)
    result = f->getComplete();
  else if (strcmp(prop, "simplicial") == 0)
    result = f->getSimplicial();
  else if (strcmp(prop, "pure")       == 0)
    result = f->getPure();
  else
  {
    Werror("unexpected fan property '%s'", prop);
    return TRUE;
  }

  res->data = (void*)result;
  return FALSE;
}*/
static BOOLEAN jjINSERTCONE(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
        gfan::ZFan* zf = (gfan::ZFan*)u->Data();
        gfan::ZCone* zc = (gfan::ZCone*)v->Data();
        zf->insert(*zc);
        return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjGETPROPC(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  /* method for retrieving cone properties;
     valid parametrizations: (cone, string),
     Errors will be invoked in the following cases:
     - invalid property string (see below for valid ones) */
  gfan::ZCone* zc = (gfan::ZCone*)u->Data();
  char* prop = (char*)v->Data();
  gfan::ZMatrix retMat;
  gfan::ZCone retCone;
  int retInt;
  gfan::ZVector retVec;
  int typeInfo;

  /* ################ properties with return type intmat: ################## */
  if      (strcmp(prop, "INEQUALITIES") == 0)
  {
    retMat = zc->getInequalities();
    typeInfo = INTMAT_CMD;
  }
  else if (strcmp(prop, "EQUATIONS") == 0)
  {
    retMat = zc->getEquations();
    typeInfo = INTMAT_CMD;
  }
  else if (strcmp(prop, "FACETS") == 0)
  {
    retMat = zc->getFacets();
    typeInfo = INTMAT_CMD;
  }
  else if (strcmp(prop, "IMPLIED_EQUATIONS") == 0)
  {
    retMat = zc->getImpliedEquations();
    typeInfo = INTMAT_CMD;
  }
  else if (strcmp(prop, "GENERATORS_OF_SPAN") == 0)
  {
    retMat = zc->generatorsOfSpan();
    typeInfo = INTMAT_CMD;
  }
  else if (strcmp(prop, "GENERATORS_OF_LINEALITY_SPACE") == 0)
  {
    retMat = zc->generatorsOfLinealitySpace();
    typeInfo = INTMAT_CMD;
  }
  else if (strcmp(prop, "RAYS") == 0)
  {
    retMat = zc->extremeRays();
    typeInfo = INTMAT_CMD;
  }
  else if (strcmp(prop, "QUOTIENT_LATTICE_BASIS") == 0)
  {
    retMat = zc->quotientLatticeBasis();
    typeInfo = INTMAT_CMD;
  }
  else if (strcmp(prop, "LINEAR_FORMS") == 0)
  {
    retMat = zc->getLinearForms();
    typeInfo = INTMAT_CMD;
  }
  /* ################ properties with return type int: ################## */
  else if (strcmp(prop, "AMBIENT_DIM") == 0)
  {
    retInt = zc->ambientDimension();
    typeInfo = INT_CMD;
  }
  else if (strcmp(prop, "DIM") == 0)
  {
    retInt = zc->dimension();
    typeInfo = INT_CMD;
  }
  else if (strcmp(prop, "LINEALITY_DIM") == 0)
  {
    retInt = zc->dimensionOfLinealitySpace();
    typeInfo = INT_CMD;
  }
  else if (strcmp(prop, "MULTIPLICITY") == 0)
  {
    bool ok = true;
    retInt = integerToInt(zc->getMultiplicity(), ok);
    if (!ok)
      WerrorS("overflow while converting a gfan::Integer to an int");
    typeInfo = INT_CMD;
  }
  else if (strcmp(prop, "IS_ORIGIN") == 0)
  {
    retInt = zc->isOrigin() ? 1 : 0;
    typeInfo = INT_CMD;
  }
  else if (strcmp(prop, "IS_FULL_SPACE") == 0)
  {
    retInt = zc->isFullSpace() ? 1 : 0;
    typeInfo = INT_CMD;
  }
  else if (strcmp(prop, "SIMPLICIAL") == 0)
  {
    retInt = zc->isSimplicial() ? 1 : 0;
    typeInfo = INT_CMD;
  }
  else if (strcmp(prop, "CONTAINS_POSITIVE_VECTOR") == 0)
  {
    retInt = zc->containsPositiveVector() ? 1 : 0;
    typeInfo = INT_CMD;
  }
  /* ################ properties with return type ZCone: ################## */
  else if (strcmp(prop, "LINEALITY_SPACE") == 0)
  {
    retCone = zc->linealitySpace();
    typeInfo = CONE_CMD;
  }
  else if (strcmp(prop, "DUAL_CONE") == 0)
  {
    retCone = zc->dualCone();
    typeInfo = CONE_CMD;
  }
  else if (strcmp(prop, "NEGATED") == 0)
  {
    retCone = zc->negated();
    typeInfo = CONE_CMD;
  }
  /* ################ properties with return type intvec: ################## */
  else if (strcmp(prop, "SEMI_GROUP_GENERATOR") == 0)
  {
    /* test whether the cone's dim = dim of lin space + 1: */
    int d = zc->dimension();
    int dLS = zc->dimensionOfLinealitySpace();
    if (d == dLS + 1)
      retVec = zc->semiGroupGeneratorOfRay();
    else
    {
      Werror("expected dim of cone one larger than dim of lin space\n"
             "but got dimensions %d and %d", d, dLS);
    }
    typeInfo = INTVEC_CMD;
  }
  else if (strcmp(prop, "RELATIVE_INTERIOR_POINT") == 0)
  {
    retVec = zc->getRelativeInteriorPoint();
    typeInfo = INTVEC_CMD;
  }
  else if (strcmp(prop, "UNIQUE_POINT") == 0)
  {
    retVec = zc->getUniquePoint();
    typeInfo = INTVEC_CMD;
  }
  else
  {
    Werror("unexpected cone property '%s'", prop);
    return TRUE;
  }

  res->rtyp = typeInfo;
  switch(typeInfo)
  {
    case INTMAT_CMD:
      res->data = (void*)zMatrix2Intvec(retMat);
      break;
    case INT_CMD:
      res->data = (void*)retInt;
      break;
    case CONE_CMD:
      res->data = (void*)new gfan::ZCone(retCone);
      break;
    case INTVEC_CMD:
      res->data = (void*)zVector2Intvec(retVec);
      break;
    default: ; /* should never be reached */
  }
  return FALSE;
}
/*
static BOOLEAN jjADJACENCY2(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  /* method for retrieving all maximal cones in the given fan that
     are adjacent to a given maximal cone;
     valid parametrizations: (fan, int),
     Errors will be invoked in the following cases:
     - the maximal cone index is out of range [0..m-1],
       where m is the number of maximal cones in the given fan;
     In case there are no neighbours (yet) of the specified maximal
     cone, the method returns an intvec of length one with entry zero. */
/*  Fan* f = (Fan*)u->Data();
  int maxCone = (int)(long)v->Data();
  int nMaxCones = f->getNumberOfMaxCones();
  if ((maxCone < 0) || (nMaxCones <= maxCone))
  {
    Werror("index %d out of range [0..%d]",
           maxCone, nMaxCones - 1);
    return TRUE;
  }
  intvec* result = f->getAdjacency(maxCone);
  result = ivCopy(result);
  res->data = (char*)result;
  return FALSE;
}*/
#endif /* HAVE_FANS */
static BOOLEAN jjVARSTR2(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  idhdl h=(idhdl)u->data;
  int i=(int)(long)v->Data();
  if ((0<i) && (i<=IDRING(h)->N))
    res->data=omStrDup(IDRING(h)->names[i-1]);
  else
  {
    Werror("var number %d out of range 1..%d",i,IDRING(h)->N);
    return TRUE;
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjWAIT1ST2(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  lists Lforks = (lists)u->Data();
  int t = (int)(long)v->Data();
  int i = slStatusSsiL(Lforks, t*1000);
  if ( i < 0 ) i = 0;
  res->data = (void*)(long)i;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjWAITALL2(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
/* returns 1 iff all forks are finished; 0 otherwise */
  lists Lforks = (lists)u->Data();
  int timeout = 1000*(int)(long)v->Data();
  lists oneFork=(lists)omAllocBin(slists_bin);
  oneFork->Init(1);
  int i;
  int t = getTimer();
  int ret = 1;
  for (int j = 0; j <= Lforks->nr; j++)
  {
    oneFork->m[0].Copy(&Lforks->m[j]);
    i = slStatusSsiL(oneFork, timeout);
    if (i == 1)
    {
      timeout = timeout - getTimer() + t;
    }
    else { ret = 0; j = Lforks->nr+1; /* terminate the for loop */ }
    omFreeSize((ADDRESS)oneFork->m,sizeof(sleftv));
  }
  omFreeBin((ADDRESS)oneFork, slists_bin);
  res->data = (void*)(long)ret;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjWEDGE(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)mpWedge((matrix)u->Data(),(int)(long)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
#define jjWRONG2 (proc2)jjWRONG
#define jjWRONG3 (proc3)jjWRONG
static BOOLEAN jjWRONG(leftv res, leftv u)
{
  return TRUE;
}

/*=================== operations with 1 arg.: static proc =================*/
/* must be ordered: first operations for chars (infix ops),
 * then alphabetically */

static BOOLEAN jjDUMMY(leftv res, leftv u)
{
  res->data = (char *)u->CopyD();
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjNULL(leftv res, leftv u)
{
  return FALSE;
}
//static BOOLEAN jjPLUSPLUS(leftv res, leftv u)
//{
//  res->data = (char *)((int)(long)u->Data()+1);
//  return FALSE;
//}
//static BOOLEAN jjMINUSMINUS(leftv res, leftv u)
//{
//  res->data = (char *)((int)(long)u->Data()-1);
//  return FALSE;
//}
static BOOLEAN jjPLUSPLUS(leftv res, leftv u)
{
  if (IDTYP((idhdl)u->data)==INT_CMD)
  {
    int i=IDINT((idhdl)u->data);
    if (iiOp==PLUSPLUS) i++;
    else                i--;
    IDDATA((idhdl)u->data)=(char *)(long)i;
    return FALSE;
  }
  return TRUE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjUMINUS_BI(leftv res, leftv u)
{
  number n=(number)u->CopyD(BIGINT_CMD);
  n=nlNeg(n);
  res->data = (char *)n;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjUMINUS_I(leftv res, leftv u)
{
  res->data = (char *)(-(long)u->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjUMINUS_N(leftv res, leftv u)
{
  number n=(number)u->CopyD(NUMBER_CMD);
  n=nNeg(n);
  res->data = (char *)n;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjUMINUS_P(leftv res, leftv u)
{
  res->data = (char *)pNeg((poly)u->CopyD(POLY_CMD));
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjUMINUS_MA(leftv res, leftv u)
{
  poly m1=pISet(-1);
  res->data = (char *)mpMultP((matrix)u->CopyD(MATRIX_CMD),m1);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjUMINUS_IV(leftv res, leftv u)
{
  intvec *iv=(intvec *)u->CopyD(INTVEC_CMD);
  (*iv)*=(-1);
  res->data = (char *)iv;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjPROC1(leftv res, leftv u)
{
  return jjPROC(res,u,NULL);
}
static BOOLEAN jjBAREISS(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  //matrix m=(matrix)v->Data();
  //lists l=mpBareiss(m,FALSE);
  intvec *iv;
  ideal m;
  smCallBareiss((ideal)v->Data(),0,0,m,&iv);
  lists l=(lists)omAllocBin(slists_bin);
  l->Init(2);
  l->m[0].rtyp=MODUL_CMD;
  l->m[1].rtyp=INTVEC_CMD;
  l->m[0].data=(void *)m;
  l->m[1].data=(void *)iv;
  res->data = (char *)l;
  return FALSE;
}
//static BOOLEAN jjBAREISS_IM(leftv res, leftv v)
//{
//  intvec *m=(intvec *)v->CopyD(INTMAT_CMD);
//  ivTriangMat(m);
//  res->data = (char *)m;
//  return FALSE;
//}
static BOOLEAN jjBI2N(leftv res, leftv u)
{
  if (rField_is_Q())
  {
    res->data=u->CopyD();
    return FALSE;
  }
  else
  {
    BOOLEAN bo=FALSE;
    number n=(number)u->CopyD();
    if (rField_is_Zp())
    {
      res->data=(void *)npMap0(n);
    }
    else if (rField_is_Q_a())
    {
      res->data=(void *)naMap00(n);
    }
    else if (rField_is_Zp_a())
    {
      res->data=(void *)naMap0P(n);
    }
#ifdef HAVE_RINGS
    else if (rField_is_Ring_Z())
    {
      res->data=(void *)nrzMapQ(n);
    }
    else if (rField_is_Ring_ModN())
    {
      res->data=(void *)nrnMapQ(n);
    }
    else if (rField_is_Ring_PtoM())
    {
      res->data=(void *)nrnMapQ(n);
    }
    else if (rField_is_Ring_2toM())
    {
      res->data=(void *)nr2mMapQ(n);
    }
#endif
    else
    {
      WerrorS("cannot convert bigint to this field");
      bo=TRUE;
    }
    nlDelete(&n,NULL);
    return bo;
  }
}
static BOOLEAN jjBI2P(leftv res, leftv u)
{
  sleftv tmp;
  BOOLEAN bo=jjBI2N(&tmp,u);
  if (!bo)
  {
    number n=(number) tmp.data;
    if (nIsZero(n)) { res->data=NULL;nDelete(&n); }
    else
    {
      res->data=(void *)pNSet(n);
    }
  }
  return bo;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCALL1MANY(leftv res, leftv u)
{
  return iiExprArithM(res,u,iiOp);
}
static BOOLEAN jjCHAR(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)(long)rChar((ring)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCOLS(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)(long)MATCOLS((matrix)(v->Data()));
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCOLS_IV(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)(long)((intvec*)(v->Data()))->cols();
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCONTENT(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  // CopyD for POLY_CMD and VECTOR_CMD are identical:
  poly p=(poly)v->CopyD(POLY_CMD);
  if (p!=NULL) p_Cleardenom(p, currRing);
  res->data = (char *)p;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCOUNT_BI(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)(long)nlSize((number)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCOUNT_N(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)(long)nSize((number)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCOUNT_L(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  lists l=(lists)v->Data();
  res->data = (char *)(long)(l->nr+1);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCOUNT_M(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  matrix m=(matrix)v->Data();
  res->data = (char *)(long)(MATROWS(m)*MATCOLS(m));
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCOUNT_IV(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)(long)((intvec*)(v->Data()))->length();
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCOUNT_RG(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  ring r=(ring)v->Data();
  int elems=-1;
  if (rField_is_Zp(r)||rField_is_GF(r)) elems=rInternalChar(r);
  else if (rField_is_Zp_a(r) && (r->minpoly!=NULL))
  {
#ifdef HAVE_FACTORY
    extern int ipower ( int b, int n ); /* factory/cf_util */
    elems=ipower(ABS(rInternalChar(r)),naParDeg(r->minpoly));
#else
    elems=(int)pow(ABS((double) rInternalChar(r)),(double)naParDeg(r->minpoly));
#endif
  }
  res->data = (char *)(long)elems;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjDEG(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  int dummy;
  poly p=(poly)v->Data();
  if (p!=NULL) res->data = (char *)pLDeg(p,&dummy,currRing);
  else res->data=(char *)-1;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjDEG_M(leftv res, leftv u)
{
  ideal I=(ideal)u->Data();
  int d=-1;
  int dummy;
  int i;
  for(i=IDELEMS(I)-1;i>=0;i--)
    if (I->m[i]!=NULL) d=si_max(d,(int)pLDeg(I->m[i],&dummy,currRing));
  res->data = (char *)(long)d;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjDEGREE(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  assumeStdFlag(v);
  intvec *module_w=(intvec*)atGet(v,"isHomog",INTVEC_CMD);
  scDegree((ideal)v->Data(),module_w,currQuotient);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjDEFINED(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  if ((v->rtyp==IDHDL)
  && ((myynest==IDLEV((idhdl)v->data))||(0==IDLEV((idhdl)v->data))))
  {
    res->data=(void *)(long)(IDLEV((idhdl)v->data)+1);
  }
  else if (v->rtyp!=0) res->data=(void *)(-1);
  return FALSE;
}
#ifdef HAVE_FACTORY
static BOOLEAN jjDET(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  matrix m=(matrix)v->Data();
  poly p;
  if (smCheckDet((ideal)m,m->cols(),TRUE))
  {
    ideal I=idMatrix2Module(mpCopy(m));
    p=smCallDet(I);
    idDelete(&I);
  }
  else
    p=singclap_det(m);
  res ->data = (char *)p;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjDET_I(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  intvec * m=(intvec*)v->Data();
  int i,j;
  i=m->rows();j=m->cols();
  if(i==j)
    res->data = (char *)(long)singclap_det_i(m);
  else
  {
    Werror("det of %d x %d intmat",i,j);
    return TRUE;
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjDET_S(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  ideal I=(ideal)v->Data();
  poly p;
  if (IDELEMS(I)<1) return TRUE;
  if (smCheckDet(I,IDELEMS(I),FALSE))
  {
    matrix m=idModule2Matrix(idCopy(I));
    p=singclap_det(m);
    idDelete((ideal *)&m);
  }
  else
    p=smCallDet(I);
  res->data = (char *)p;
  return FALSE;
}
#endif
static BOOLEAN jjDIM(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  assumeStdFlag(v);
  res->data = (char *)(long)scDimInt((ideal)(v->Data()),currQuotient);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjDUMP(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  si_link l = (si_link)v->Data();
  if (slDump(l))
  {
    const char *s;
    if ((l!=NULL)&&(l->name!=NULL)) s=l->name;
    else                            s=sNoName;
    Werror("cannot dump to `%s`",s);
    return TRUE;
  }
  else
    return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjE(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)pOne();
  int co=(int)(long)v->Data();
  if (co>0)
  {
    pSetComp((poly)res->data,co);
    pSetm((poly)res->data);
  }
  else WerrorS("argument of gen must be positive");
  return (co<=0);
}
static BOOLEAN jjEXECUTE(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  char * d = (char *)v->Data();
  char * s = (char *)omAlloc(strlen(d) + 13);
  strcpy( s, (char *)d);
  strcat( s, "\n;RETURN();\n");
  newBuffer(s,BT_execute);
  return yyparse();
}
#ifdef HAVE_FACTORY
static BOOLEAN jjFACSTD(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  ideal_list p,h;
  h=kStdfac((ideal)v->Data(),NULL,testHomog,NULL);
  lists L=(lists)omAllocBin(slists_bin);
  if (h==NULL)
  {
    L->Init(1);
    L->m[0].data=(char *)idInit(0,1);
    L->m[0].rtyp=IDEAL_CMD;
  }
  else
  {
    p=h;
    int l=0;
    while (p!=NULL) { p=p->next;l++; }
    L->Init(l);
    l=0;
    while(h!=NULL)
    {
      L->m[l].data=(char *)h->d;
      L->m[l].rtyp=IDEAL_CMD;
      p=h->next;
      omFreeSize(h,sizeof(*h));
      h=p;
      l++;
    }
  }
  res->data=(void *)L;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjFAC_P(leftv res, leftv u)
{
  intvec *v=NULL;
  singclap_factorize_retry=0;
  ideal f=singclap_factorize((poly)(u->CopyD()), &v, 0);
  if (f==NULL) return TRUE;
  ivTest(v);
  lists l=(lists)omAllocBin(slists_bin);
  l->Init(2);
  l->m[0].rtyp=IDEAL_CMD;
  l->m[0].data=(void *)f;
  l->m[1].rtyp=INTVEC_CMD;
  l->m[1].data=(void *)v;
  res->data=(void *)l;
  return FALSE;
}
#endif
static BOOLEAN jjGETDUMP(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  si_link l = (si_link)v->Data();
  if (slGetDump(l))
  {
    const char *s;
    if ((l!=NULL)&&(l->name!=NULL)) s=l->name;
    else                            s=sNoName;
    Werror("cannot get dump from `%s`",s);
    return TRUE;
  }
  else
    return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjHIGHCORNER(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  assumeStdFlag(v);
  ideal I=(ideal)v->Data();
  res->data=(void *)iiHighCorner(I,0);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjHIGHCORNER_M(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  assumeStdFlag(v);
  intvec *w=(intvec*)atGet(v,"isHomog",INTVEC_CMD);
  BOOLEAN delete_w=FALSE;
  ideal I=(ideal)v->Data();
  int i;
  poly p=NULL,po=NULL;
  int rk=idRankFreeModule(I);
  if (w==NULL)
  {
    w = new intvec(rk);
    delete_w=TRUE;
  }
  for(i=rk;i>0;i--)
  {
    p=iiHighCorner(I,i);
    if (p==NULL)
    {
      WerrorS("module must be zero-dimensional");
      if (delete_w) delete w;
      return TRUE;
    }
    if (po==NULL)
    {
      po=p;
    }
    else
    {
      // now po!=NULL, p!=NULL
      int d=(pFDeg(po,currRing)-(*w)[pGetComp(po)-1] - pFDeg(p,currRing)+(*w)[i-1]);
      if (d==0)
        d=pLmCmp(po,p);
      if (d > 0)
      {
        pDelete(&p);
      }
      else // (d < 0)
      {
        pDelete(&po); po=p;
      }
    }
  }
  if (delete_w) delete w;
  res->data=(void *)po;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjHILBERT(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  assumeStdFlag(v);
  intvec *module_w=(intvec*)atGet(v,"isHomog",INTVEC_CMD);
  //scHilbertPoly((ideal)v->Data(),currQuotient);
  hLookSeries((ideal)v->Data(),module_w,currQuotient);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjHILBERT_IV(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data=(void *)hSecondSeries((intvec *)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjHOMOG1(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  intvec *w=(intvec*)atGet(v,"isHomog",INTVEC_CMD);
  ideal v_id=(ideal)v->Data();
  if (w==NULL)
  {
    res->data=(void *)(long)idHomModule(v_id,currQuotient,&w);
    if (res->data!=NULL)
    {
      if (v->rtyp==IDHDL)
      {
        char *s_isHomog=omStrDup("isHomog");
        if (v->e==NULL)
          atSet((idhdl)(v->data),s_isHomog,w,INTVEC_CMD);
        else
          atSet((idhdl)(v->LData()),s_isHomog,w,INTVEC_CMD);
      }
      else if (w!=NULL) delete w;
    } // if res->data==NULL then w==NULL
  }
  else
  {
    res->data=(void *)(long)idTestHomModule(v_id,currQuotient,w);
    if((res->data==NULL) && (v->rtyp==IDHDL))
    {
      if (v->e==NULL)
        atKill((idhdl)(v->data),"isHomog");
      else
        atKill((idhdl)(v->LData()),"isHomog");
    }
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjIDEAL_Ma(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  matrix mat=(matrix)v->CopyD(MATRIX_CMD);
  IDELEMS((ideal)mat)=MATCOLS(mat)*MATROWS(mat);
  if (IDELEMS((ideal)mat)==0)
  {
    idDelete((ideal *)&mat);
    mat=(matrix)idInit(1,1);
  }
  else
  {
    MATROWS(mat)=1;
    mat->rank=1;
    idTest((ideal)mat);
  }
  res->data=(char *)mat;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjIDEAL_Map(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  map m=(map)v->CopyD(MAP_CMD);
  omFree((ADDRESS)m->preimage);
  m->preimage=NULL;
  ideal I=(ideal)m;
  I->rank=1;
  res->data=(char *)I;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjIDEAL_R(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  if (currRing!=NULL)
  {
    ring q=(ring)v->Data();
    if (rSamePolyRep(currRing, q))
    {
      if (q->qideal==NULL)
        res->data=(char *)idInit(1,1);
      else
        res->data=(char *)idCopy(q->qideal);
      return FALSE;
    }
  }
  WerrorS("can only get ideal from identical qring");
  return TRUE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjIm2Iv(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  intvec *iv = (intvec *)v->CopyD(INTMAT_CMD);
  iv->makeVector();
  res->data = iv;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjIMPART(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)nImPart((number)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjINDEPSET(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  assumeStdFlag(v);
  res->data=(void *)scIndIntvec((ideal)(v->Data()),currQuotient);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjINTERRED(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  ideal result=kInterRed((ideal)(v->Data()), currQuotient);
  if (TEST_OPT_PROT) { PrintLn(); mflush(); }
  res->data = result;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjIS_RINGVAR_P(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)(long)pVar((poly)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjIS_RINGVAR_S(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)(long)(r_IsRingVar((char *)v->Data(), currRing)+1);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjIS_RINGVAR0(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)0;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjJACOB_P(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  ideal i=idInit(pVariables,1);
  int k;
  poly p=(poly)(v->Data());
  for (k=pVariables;k>0;k--)
  {
    i->m[k-1]=pDiff(p,k);
  }
  res->data = (char *)i;
  return FALSE;
}
/*2
 * compute Jacobi matrix of a module/matrix
 * Jacobi(M) := ( diff(Mt,var(1))|, ... ,| diff(Mt,var(pVariables))  ),
 * where Mt := transpose(M)
 * Note that this is consistent with the current conventions for jacob in Singular,
 * whereas M2 computes its transposed.
 */
static BOOLEAN jjJACOB_M(leftv res, leftv a)
{
  ideal id = (ideal)a->Data();
  id = idTransp(id);
  int W = IDELEMS(id);

  ideal result = idInit(W * pVariables, id->rank);
  poly *p = result->m;

  for( int v = 1; v <= pVariables; v++ )
  {
    poly* q = id->m;
    for( int i = 0; i < W; i++, p++, q++ )
      *p = pDiff( *q, v );
  }
  idDelete(&id);

  res->data = (char *)result;
  return FALSE;
}


static BOOLEAN jjKBASE(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  assumeStdFlag(v);
  res->data = (char *)scKBase(-1,(ideal)(v->Data()),currQuotient);
  return FALSE;
}
#ifdef MDEBUG
static BOOLEAN jjpHead(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data=(char *)pHead((poly)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
#endif
static BOOLEAN jjL2R(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data=(char *)syConvList((lists)v->Data());
  if (res->data != NULL)
    return FALSE;
  else
    return TRUE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjLEADCOEF(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  poly p=(poly)v->Data();
  if (p==NULL)
  {
    res->data=(char *)nInit(0);
  }
  else
  {
    res->data=(char *)nCopy(pGetCoeff(p));
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjLEADEXP(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  poly p=(poly)v->Data();
  int s=pVariables;
  if (v->Typ()==VECTOR_CMD) s++;
  intvec *iv=new intvec(s);
  if (p!=NULL)
  {
    for(int i = pVariables;i;i--)
    {
      (*iv)[i-1]=pGetExp(p,i);
    }
    if (s!=pVariables)
      (*iv)[pVariables]=pGetComp(p);
  }
  res->data=(char *)iv;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjLEADMONOM(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  poly p=(poly)v->Data();
  if (p == NULL)
  {
    res->data = (char*) NULL;
  }
  else
  {
    poly lm = pLmInit(p);
    pSetCoeff(lm, nInit(1));
    res->data = (char*) lm;
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjLOAD1(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  return jjLOAD(res, v,FALSE);
}
static BOOLEAN jjLISTRING(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  ring r=rCompose((lists)v->Data());
  if (r==NULL) return TRUE;
  if (r->qideal!=NULL) res->rtyp=QRING_CMD;
  res->data=(char *)r;
  return FALSE;
}
#if SIZEOF_LONG == 8
static number jjLONG2N(long d)
{
  int i=(int)d;
  if ((long)i == d)
  {
    return nlInit(i, NULL);
  }
  else
  {
#if !defined(OM_NDEBUG) && !defined(NDEBUG)
    omCheckBin(rnumber_bin);
#endif
    number z=(number)omAllocBin(rnumber_bin);
    #if defined(LDEBUG)
    z->debug=123456;
    #endif
    z->s=3;
    mpz_init_set_si(z->z,d);
    return z;
  }
}
#else
#define jjLONG2N(D) nlInit((int)D, NULL)
#endif
static BOOLEAN jjPFAC1(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  /* call method jjPFAC2 with second argument = 0 (meaning that no
     valid bound for the prime factors has been given) */
  sleftv tmp;
  memset(&tmp, 0, sizeof(tmp));
  tmp.rtyp = INT_CMD;
  return jjPFAC2(res, v, &tmp);
}
static BOOLEAN jjLU_DECOMP(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  /* computes the LU-decomposition of a matrix M;
     i.e., M = P * L * U, where
        - P is a row permutation matrix,
        - L is in lower triangular form,
        - U is in upper row echelon form
     Then, we also have P * M = L * U.
     A list [P, L, U] is returned. */
  matrix mat = (const matrix)v->Data();
  int rr = mat->rows();
  int cc = mat->cols();
  matrix pMat;
  matrix lMat;
  matrix uMat;

  luDecomp(mat, pMat, lMat, uMat);

  lists ll = (lists)omAllocBin(slists_bin);
  ll->Init(3);
  ll->m[0].rtyp=MATRIX_CMD; ll->m[0].data=(void *)pMat;
  ll->m[1].rtyp=MATRIX_CMD; ll->m[1].data=(void *)lMat;
  ll->m[2].rtyp=MATRIX_CMD; ll->m[2].data=(void *)uMat;
  res->data=(char*)ll;

  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjMEMORY(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  omUpdateInfo();
  long d;
  switch(((int)(long)v->Data()))
  {
  case 0:
    res->data=(char *)jjLONG2N(om_Info.UsedBytes);
    break;
  case 1:
    res->data = (char *)jjLONG2N(om_Info.CurrentBytesSystem);
    break;
  case 2:
    res->data = (char *)jjLONG2N(om_Info.MaxBytesSystem);
    break;
  default:
    omPrintStats(stdout);
    omPrintInfo(stdout);
    omPrintBinStats(stdout);
    res->data = (char *)0;
    res->rtyp = NONE;
  }
  return FALSE;
  res->data = (char *)0;
  return FALSE;
}
//static BOOLEAN jjMONITOR1(leftv res, leftv v)
//{
//  return jjMONITOR2(res,v,NULL);
//}
static BOOLEAN jjMSTD(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  int t=v->Typ();
  ideal r,m;
  r=kMin_std((ideal)v->Data(),currQuotient,testHomog,NULL,m);
  lists l=(lists)omAllocBin(slists_bin);
  l->Init(2);
  l->m[0].rtyp=t;
  l->m[0].data=(char *)r;
  setFlag(&(l->m[0]),FLAG_STD);
  l->m[1].rtyp=t;
  l->m[1].data=(char *)m;
  res->data=(char *)l;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjMULT(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  assumeStdFlag(v);
  res->data = (char *)(long)scMultInt((ideal)(v->Data()),currQuotient);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjMINRES_R(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  intvec *weights=(intvec*)atGet(v,"isHomog",INTVEC_CMD);
  res->data=(char *)syMinimize((syStrategy)v->Data());
  if (weights!=NULL)
    atSet(res, omStrDup("isHomog"),ivCopy(weights),INTVEC_CMD);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjN2BI(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  number n,i; i=(number)v->Data();
  if (rField_is_Zp())
  {
    n=nlInit(npInt(i,currRing),NULL);
  }
  else if (rField_is_Q()) n=nlBigInt(i);
#ifdef HAVE_RINGS
  else if (rField_is_Ring_Z() || rField_is_Ring_ModN() || rField_is_Ring_PtoM()) n=nlMapGMP(i);
  else if (rField_is_Ring_2toM()) n=nlInit((unsigned long) i,NULL);
#endif
  else goto err;
  res->data=(void *)n;
  return FALSE;
err:
  WerrorS("cannot convert to bigint"); return TRUE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjNAMEOF(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)v->name;
  if (res->data==NULL) res->data=omStrDup("");
  v->name=NULL;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjNAMES(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data=ipNameList(((ring)v->Data())->idroot);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjNVARS(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)(long)(((ring)(v->Data()))->N);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjOpenClose(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  si_link l=(si_link)v->Data();
  if (iiOp==OPEN_CMD) return slOpen(l, SI_LINK_OPEN,v);
  else                return slClose(l);
}
static BOOLEAN jjORD(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  poly p=(poly)v->Data();
  res->data=(char *)( p==NULL ? -1 : pFDeg(p,currRing) );
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjPAR1(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  int i=(int)(long)v->Data();
  int p=0;
  p=rPar(currRing);
  if ((0<i) && (i<=p))
  {
    res->data=(char *)nPar(i);
  }
  else
  {
    Werror("par number %d out of range 1..%d",i,p);
    return TRUE;
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjPARDEG(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)(long)nParDeg((number)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjPARSTR1(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  if (currRing==NULL)
  {
    WerrorS("no ring active");
    return TRUE;
  }
  int i=(int)(long)v->Data();
  int p=0;
  if ((0<i) && (currRing->parameter!=NULL) && (i<=(p=rPar(currRing))))
    res->data=omStrDup(currRing->parameter[i-1]);
  else
  {
    Werror("par number %d out of range 1..%d",i,p);
    return TRUE;
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjP2BI(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  poly p=(poly)v->Data();
  if (p==NULL) { res->data=(char *)nlInit(0,NULL); return FALSE; }
  if ((pNext(p)!=NULL)|| (!pIsConstant(p)))
  {
    WerrorS("poly must be constant");
    return TRUE;
  }
  number i=pGetCoeff(p);
  number n;
  if (rField_is_Zp())
  {
    n=nlInit(npInt(i,currRing), NULL);
  }
  else if (rField_is_Q()) n=nlBigInt(i);
#ifdef HAVE_RINGS
  else if (rField_is_Ring_Z() || rField_is_Ring_ModN() || rField_is_Ring_PtoM())
    n=nlMapGMP(i);
  else if (rField_is_Ring_2toM())
    n=nlInit((unsigned long) i, NULL);
#endif
  else goto err;
  res->data=(void *)n;
  return FALSE;
err:
  WerrorS("cannot convert to bigint"); return TRUE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjP2I(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  poly p=(poly)v->Data();
  if (p==NULL) { /*res->data=(char *)0;*/ return FALSE; }
  if ((pNext(p)!=NULL)|| (!pIsConstant(p)))
  {
    WerrorS("poly must be constant");
    return TRUE;
  }
  res->data = (char *)(long)n_Int(pGetCoeff(p),currRing);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjPREIMAGE_R(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  map mapping=(map)v->Data();
  syMake(res,omStrDup(mapping->preimage));
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjPRIME(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  int i = IsPrime((int)(long)(v->Data()));
  res->data = (char *)(long)(i > 1 ? i : 2);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjPRUNE(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  intvec *w=(intvec *)atGet(v,"isHomog",INTVEC_CMD);
  ideal v_id=(ideal)v->Data();
  if (w!=NULL)
  {
    if (!idTestHomModule(v_id,currQuotient,w))
    {
      WarnS("wrong weights");
      w=NULL;
      // and continue at the non-homog case below
    }
    else
    {
      w=ivCopy(w);
      intvec **ww=&w;
      res->data = (char *)idMinEmbedding(v_id,FALSE,ww);
      atSet(res,omStrDup("isHomog"),*ww,INTVEC_CMD);
      return FALSE;
    }
  }
  res->data = (char *)idMinEmbedding(v_id);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjP2N(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  number n;
  poly p;
  if (((p=(poly)v->Data())!=NULL)
  && (pIsConstant(p)))
  {
    n=nCopy(pGetCoeff(p));
  }
  else
  {
    n=nInit(0);
  }
  res->data = (char *)n;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjRESERVEDNAME(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  char *s= (char *)v->Data();
  int i = 1;
  int l = strlen(s);
  for(i=0; i<sArithBase.nCmdUsed; i++)
  {
    //Print("test %d, >>%s<<, tab:>>%s<<\n",i,s,sArithBase.sCmds[i].name);
    if (strcmp(s, sArithBase.sCmds[i].name) == 0)
    {
      res->data = (char *)1;
      return FALSE;
    }
  }
  //res->data = (char *)0;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjRANK1(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  matrix m =(matrix)v->Data();
  int rank = luRank(m, 0);
  res->data =(char *)(long)rank;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjREAD(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  return jjREAD2(res,v,NULL);
}
static BOOLEAN jjREGULARITY(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)(long)iiRegularity((lists)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjREPART(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)nRePart((number)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjRINGLIST(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  ring r=(ring)v->Data();
  if (r!=NULL)
    res->data = (char *)rDecompose((ring)v->Data());
  return (r==NULL)||(res->data==NULL);
}
static BOOLEAN jjROWS(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  ideal i = (ideal)v->Data();
  res->data = (char *)i->rank;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjROWS_IV(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)(long)((intvec*)(v->Data()))->rows();
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjRPAR(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)(long)rPar(((ring)v->Data()));
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjSLIM_GB(leftv res, leftv u)
{
#ifdef HAVE_PLURAL
  const bool bIsSCA = rIsSCA(currRing);
#else
  const bool bIsSCA = false;
#endif

  if ((currQuotient!=NULL) && !bIsSCA)
  {
    WerrorS("qring not supported by slimgb at the moment");
    return TRUE;
  }
  if (rHasLocalOrMixedOrdering_currRing())
  {
    WerrorS("ordering must be global for slimgb");
    return TRUE;
  }
  intvec *w=(intvec *)atGet(u,"isHomog",INTVEC_CMD);
  tHomog hom=testHomog;
  ideal u_id=(ideal)u->Data();
  if (w!=NULL)
  {
    if (!idTestHomModule(u_id,currQuotient,w))
    {
      WarnS("wrong weights");
      w=NULL;
    }
    else
    {
      w=ivCopy(w);
      hom=isHomog;
    }
  }

  assume(u_id->rank>=idRankFreeModule(u_id));
  res->data=(char *)t_rep_gb(currRing,
    u_id,u_id->rank);
  //res->data=(char *)t_rep_gb(currRing, u_id);

  if(!TEST_OPT_DEGBOUND) setFlag(res,FLAG_STD);
  if (w!=NULL) atSet(res,omStrDup("isHomog"),w,INTVEC_CMD);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjSTD(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  ideal result;
  ideal v_id=(ideal)v->Data();
  intvec *w=(intvec *)atGet(v,"isHomog",INTVEC_CMD);
  tHomog hom=testHomog;
  if (w!=NULL)
  {
    if (!idTestHomModule(v_id,currQuotient,w))
    {
      WarnS("wrong weights");
      w=NULL;
    }
    else
    {
      hom=isHomog;
      w=ivCopy(w);
    }
  }
  result=kStd(v_id,currQuotient,hom,&w);
  idSkipZeroes(result);
  res->data = (char *)result;
  if(!TEST_OPT_DEGBOUND) setFlag(res,FLAG_STD);
  if (w!=NULL) atSet(res,omStrDup("isHomog"),w,INTVEC_CMD);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjSort_Id(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)idSort((ideal)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
#ifdef HAVE_FACTORY
extern int singclap_factorize_retry;
static BOOLEAN jjSQR_FREE(leftv res, leftv u)
{
  intvec *v=NULL;
  singclap_factorize_retry=0;
  ideal f=singclap_sqrfree((poly)(u->CopyD()));
  if (f==NULL)
    return TRUE;
  res->data=(void *)f;
  return FALSE;
}
#endif
#if 1
static BOOLEAN jjSYZYGY(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  intvec *w=NULL;
  res->data = (char *)idSyzygies((ideal)v->Data(),testHomog,&w);
  if (w!=NULL) delete w;
  return FALSE;
}
#else
// activate, if idSyz handle module weights correctly !
static BOOLEAN jjSYZYGY(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  intvec *w=(intvec *)atGet(v,"isHomog",INTVEC_CMD);
  ideal v_id=(ideal)v->Data();
  tHomog hom=testHomog;
  int add_row_shift=0;
  if (w!=NULL)
  {
    w=ivCopy(w);
    add_row_shift=w->min_in();
    (*w)-=add_row_shift;
    if (idTestHomModule(v_id,currQuotient,w))
      hom=isHomog;
    else
    {
      //WarnS("wrong weights");
      delete w; w=NULL;
      hom=testHomog;
    }
  }
  res->data = (char *)idSyzygies(v_id,hom,&w);
  if (w!=NULL)
  {
    atSet(res,omStrDup("isHomog"),w,INTVEC_CMD);
  }
  return FALSE;
}
#endif
static BOOLEAN jjTRACE_IV(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)(long)ivTrace((intvec*)(v->Data()));
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjTRANSP_IV(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)ivTranp((intvec*)(v->Data()));
  return FALSE;
}
#ifdef HAVE_PLURAL
static BOOLEAN jjOPPOSITE(leftv res, leftv a)
{
  ring    r = (ring)a->Data();
  //if (rIsPluralRing(r))
  if (r->OrdSgn==1)
  {
    res->data = rOpposite(r);
  }
  else
  {
    WarnS("opposite only for global orderings");
    res->data = rCopy(r);
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjENVELOPE(leftv res, leftv a)
{
  ring    r = (ring)a->Data();
  if (rIsPluralRing(r))
  {
    //    ideal   i;
//     if (a->rtyp == QRING_CMD)
//     {
//       i = r->qideal;
//       r->qideal = NULL;
//     }
    ring s = rEnvelope(r);
//     if (a->rtyp == QRING_CMD)
//     {
//       ideal is  = idOppose(r,i); /* twostd? */
//       is        = idAdd(is,i);
//       s->qideal = i;
//     }
    res->data = s;
  }
  else  res->data = rCopy(r);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjTWOSTD(leftv res, leftv a)
{
  if (rIsPluralRing(currRing))  res->data=(ideal)twostd((ideal)a->Data());
  else  res->data=(ideal)a->CopyD();
  setFlag(res,FLAG_STD);
  setFlag(res,FLAG_TWOSTD);
  return FALSE;
}
#endif

static BOOLEAN jjTYPEOF(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  switch ((int)(long)v->data)
  {
    case INT_CMD:        res->data=omStrDup("int"); break;
    case POLY_CMD:       res->data=omStrDup("poly"); break;
    case VECTOR_CMD:     res->data=omStrDup("vector"); break;
    case STRING_CMD:     res->data=omStrDup("string"); break;
    case INTVEC_CMD:     res->data=omStrDup("intvec"); break;
    case IDEAL_CMD:      res->data=omStrDup("ideal"); break;
    case MATRIX_CMD:     res->data=omStrDup("matrix"); break;
    case MODUL_CMD:      res->data=omStrDup("module"); break;
    case MAP_CMD:        res->data=omStrDup("map"); break;
    case PROC_CMD:       res->data=omStrDup("proc"); break;
    case RING_CMD:       res->data=omStrDup("ring"); break;
    case QRING_CMD:      res->data=omStrDup("qring"); break;
    case INTMAT_CMD:     res->data=omStrDup("intmat"); break;
    case NUMBER_CMD:     res->data=omStrDup("number"); break;
    case BIGINT_CMD:     res->data=omStrDup("bigint"); break;
    case LIST_CMD:       res->data=omStrDup("list"); break;
    case PACKAGE_CMD:    res->data=omStrDup("package"); break;
    case LINK_CMD:       res->data=omStrDup("link"); break;
    case RESOLUTION_CMD: res->data=omStrDup("resolution");break;
#ifdef HAVE_FANS
    case FAN_CMD:        res->data=omStrDup("fan");break;
    case CONE_CMD:       res->data=omStrDup("cone");break;
#endif /* HAVE_FANS */
    case DEF_CMD:
    case NONE:           res->data=omStrDup("none"); break;
    default:             res->data=omStrDup("?unknown type?");
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjUNIVARIATE(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data=(char *)pIsUnivariate((poly)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjVAR1(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  int i=(int)(long)v->Data();
  if ((0<i) && (i<=currRing->N))
  {
    poly p=pOne();
    pSetExp(p,i,1);
    pSetm(p);
    res->data=(char *)p;
  }
  else
  {
    Werror("var number %d out of range 1..%d",i,currRing->N);
    return TRUE;
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjVARSTR1(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  if (currRing==NULL)
  {
    WerrorS("no ring active");
    return TRUE;
  }
  int i=(int)(long)v->Data();
  if ((0<i) && (i<=currRing->N))
    res->data=omStrDup(currRing->names[i-1]);
  else
  {
    Werror("var number %d out of range 1..%d",i,currRing->N);
    return TRUE;
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjVDIM(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  assumeStdFlag(v);
  res->data = (char *)(long)scMult0Int((ideal)v->Data(),currQuotient);
  return FALSE;
}
BOOLEAN jjWAIT1ST1(leftv res, leftv a)
{
  lists Lforks = (lists)a->Data();
  int i = slStatusSsiL(Lforks, -1);
  while (i <= 0) i = slStatusSsiL(Lforks, 10000000); /* redo this all 10 seconds */
  res->data = (void*)(long)i;
  return FALSE;
}
BOOLEAN jjWAITALL1(leftv res, leftv a)
{
  lists Lforks = (lists)a->Data();
  lists oneFork=(lists)omAllocBin(slists_bin);
  oneFork->Init(1);
  int i;
  for (int j = 0; j <= Lforks->nr; j++)
  {
    oneFork->m[0].Copy(&Lforks->m[j]);
    i = slStatusSsiL(oneFork, -1);
    while (i != 1) i = slStatusSsiL(oneFork, 10000000); /* redo this all 10 seconds */
    omFreeSize((ADDRESS)oneFork->m,sizeof(sleftv));
  }
  omFreeBin((ADDRESS)oneFork, slists_bin);
  return FALSE;
}
#ifdef HAVE_FANS
static BOOLEAN jjFANEMPTY_I(leftv res, leftv v)
{
        int ambientDim = (int)(long)v->Data();
        if (ambientDim < 0)
        {
          Werror("expected non-negative ambient dim but got %d", ambientDim);
          return TRUE;
        }
        res->data = (char*)(new gfan::ZFan(ambientDim));
        return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjFANEMPTY_IM(leftv res, leftv v)
{
        intvec* permutations = (intvec*)v->Data();
        // todo: check that permutations contains sensible elements of S_n
        int ambientDim = permutations->cols();
        gfan::SymmetryGroup sg = gfan::SymmetryGroup(ambientDim);
        gfan::ZMatrix zm = intmat2ZMatrix(permutations);
        gfan::IntMatrix im = gfan::ZToIntMatrix(zm);
        sg.computeClosure(im);
        res->data = (char*)(new gfan::ZFan(sg));
        return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjFANFULL_I(leftv res, leftv v)
{
        int ambientDim = (int)(long)v->Data();
        if (ambientDim < 0)
        {
          Werror("expected non-negative ambient dim but got %d", ambientDim);
          return TRUE;
        }
        gfan::ZFan* zf = new gfan::ZFan(gfan::ZFan::fullFan(ambientDim));
        res->data = (char*)zf;
        return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjFANFULL_IM(leftv res, leftv v)
{
        intvec* permutations = (intvec*)v->Data();
        // todo: check that permutations contains sensible elements of S_n
        int ambientDim = permutations->cols();
        gfan::SymmetryGroup sg = gfan::SymmetryGroup(ambientDim);
        gfan::ZMatrix zm = intmat2ZMatrix(permutations);
        gfan::IntMatrix im = gfan::ZToIntMatrix(zm);
        sg.computeClosure(im);
        gfan::ZFan* zf = new gfan::ZFan(gfan::ZFan::fullFan(sg));
        res->data = (char*)zf;
        return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCONERAYS1(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  /* method for generating a cone object from half-lines
     (cone = convex hull of the half-lines; note: there may be
     entire lines in the cone);
     valid parametrizations: (intmat) */
  intvec* rays = (intvec *)v->CopyD(INTVEC_CMD);
  gfan::ZMatrix zm = intmat2ZMatrix(rays);
  gfan::ZCone* zc = new gfan::ZCone();
  *zc = gfan::ZCone::givenByRays(zm, gfan::ZMatrix(0, zm.getWidth()));
  res->data = (char *)zc;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCONENORMALS1(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  /* method for generating a cone object from inequalities;
     valid parametrizations: (intmat) */
  intvec* inequs = (intvec *)v->CopyD(INTVEC_CMD);
  gfan::ZMatrix zm = intmat2ZMatrix(inequs);
  gfan::ZCone* zc = new gfan::ZCone(zm, gfan::ZMatrix(0, zm.getWidth()));
  res->data = (char *)zc;
  return FALSE;
}
/*
static BOOLEAN jjDELMCONE1(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  /* method for deleting all maximal cones from a given fan;
     valid parametrizations: (fan) */
/*  Fan* f = (Fan*)v->Data();
  int n = f->getNumberOfMaxCones();
  intvec* iv = new intvec(1, n, 0);
  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
    IMATELEM(*iv, 1, i) = i - 1;
  f->deleteMaxCones(iv);
  delete iv;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjMAXRAYS1(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  /* method for retrieving all maximal rays of the given fan;
     valid parametrizations: (fan),
     If there are no maximal rays, the method returns a 1x1
     matrix with entry 0. Otherwise the returned matrix contains
     the maximal rays as row vectors. */
/*  Fan* f = (Fan*)v->Data();
  intvec* result = NULL;
  if (f->getMaxRays() == NULL)
    /* return a 1x1 matrix with sole entry zero */
/*    result = new intvec(1, 1, 0);
  else
    result = ivCopy(f->getMaxRays());
  res->data = (char*)result;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjMAXRAYS2(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  /* method for retrieving all maximal rays of the given cone;
     valid parametrizations: (cone),
     If there are no maximal rays, the method returns a 1x1
     matrix with entry 0. Otherwise the returned matrix contains
     the maximal rays as row vectors. */
/*  Cone* c = (Cone*)v->Data();
  intvec* result = NULL;
  if (c->getMaxRays() == NULL)
    /* return a 1x1 matrix with sole entry zero */
/*    result = new intvec(1, 1, 0);
  else
    result = ivCopy(c->getMaxRays());
  res->data = (char*)result;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjFACETNS1(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  /* method for retrieving the facet normals of the given fan;
     valid parametrizations: (fan),
     If there are no facet normals, a 1x1 matrix with entry 0
     is returned; otherwise a matrix the rows of which are
     the facet normals of the given fan. */
/*  Fan* f = (Fan*)v->Data();
  intvec* result = NULL;
  if (f->getFacetNs() == NULL)
    /* return a 1x1 matrix with sole entry zero */
/*    result = new intvec(1, 1, 0);
  else
    result = ivCopy(f->getFacetNs());
  res->data = (char*)result;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjFACETNS2(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  /* method for retrieving the facet normals of the given cone;
     valid parametrizations: (cone),
     If there are no facet normals, a 1x1 matrix with entry 0
     is returned; otherwise a matrix the rows of which are
     the facet normals of the given cone. */
/*  Cone* c = (Cone*)v->Data();
  intvec* result = NULL;
  if (c->getFacetNs() == NULL)
    /* return a 1x1 matrix with sole entry zero */
/*    result = new intvec(1, 1, 0);
  else
    result = ivCopy(c->getFacetNs());
  res->data = (char*)result;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjLINSPACE1(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  /* method for retrieving the lineality space of the given fan;
     valid parametrizations: (fan) */
/*  Fan* f = (Fan*)v->Data();
  intvec* result = ivCopy(f->getLinSpace());
  res->data = (char*)result;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjLINSPACE2(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  /* method for retrieving the lineality space of the given cone;
     valid parametrizations: (cone) */
/*  Cone* c = (Cone*)v->Data();
  intvec* result = ivCopy(c->getLinSpace());
  res->data = (char*)result;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjADJACENCY1(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  /* method for retrieving adjacency information for the given fan;
     valid parametrizations: (fan),
     Errors will be invoked in the following cases:
     - no maximal cone has been defined yet in the given fan;
     The method returns a list with an entry for each maximal cone
     in the given fan. Each such entry is an intvec with the indices
     of all neighbouring maximal cones. */
/*  Fan* f = (Fan*)v->Data();
  if (f->getNumberOfMaxCones() == 0)
  {
    WerrorS("no maximal cones defined yet");
    return TRUE;
  }
  lists adjacencyList = f->getAdjacencyList();
  adjacencyList = lCopy(adjacencyList);
  res->data = (char*)adjacencyList;
  return FALSE;
}*/
#endif /* HAVE_FANS */
static BOOLEAN jjLOAD(leftv res, leftv v, BOOLEAN autoexport)
{
  char * s=(char *)v->CopyD();
  char libnamebuf[256];
  lib_types LT = type_of_LIB(s, libnamebuf);
#ifdef HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING
  extern BOOLEAN load_modules(char *newlib, char *fullpath, BOOLEAN autoexport);
#endif /* HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING */
  switch(LT)
  {
      default:
      case LT_NONE:
        Werror("%s: unknown type", s);
        break;
      case LT_NOTFOUND:
        Werror("cannot open %s", s);
        break;

      case LT_SINGULAR:
      {
        char *plib = iiConvName(s);
        idhdl pl = IDROOT->get(plib,0);
        if (pl==NULL)
        {
          pl = enterid( plib,0, PACKAGE_CMD, &(basePack->idroot), TRUE );
          IDPACKAGE(pl)->language = LANG_SINGULAR;
          IDPACKAGE(pl)->libname=omStrDup(plib);
        }
        else if (IDTYP(pl)!=PACKAGE_CMD)
        {
          Werror("can not create package `%s`",plib);
          omFree(plib);
          return TRUE;
        }
        package savepack=currPack;
        currPack=IDPACKAGE(pl);
        IDPACKAGE(pl)->loaded=TRUE;
        char libnamebuf[256];
        FILE * fp = feFopen( s, "r", libnamebuf, TRUE );
        BOOLEAN bo=iiLoadLIB(fp, libnamebuf, s, pl, autoexport, TRUE);
        currPack=savepack;
        IDPACKAGE(pl)->loaded=(!bo);
        return bo;
      }
      case LT_MACH_O:
      case LT_ELF:
      case LT_HPUX:
#ifdef HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING
        return load_modules(s, libnamebuf, autoexport);
#else /* HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING */
        WerrorS("Dynamic modules are not supported by this version of Singular");
        break;
#endif /* HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING */
  }
  return TRUE;
}

#ifdef INIT_BUG
#define XS(A) -((short)A)
#define jjstrlen       (proc1)1
#define jjpLength      (proc1)2
#define jjidElem       (proc1)3
#define jjmpDetBareiss (proc1)4
#define jjidFreeModule (proc1)5
#define jjidVec2Ideal  (proc1)6
#define jjrCharStr     (proc1)7
#ifndef MDEBUG
#define jjpHead        (proc1)8
#endif
#define jjidHead       (proc1)9
#define jjidMaxIdeal   (proc1)10
#define jjidMinBase    (proc1)11
#define jjsyMinBase    (proc1)12
#define jjpMaxComp     (proc1)13
#define jjmpTrace      (proc1)14
#define jjmpTransp     (proc1)15
#define jjrOrdStr      (proc1)16
#define jjrVarStr      (proc1)18
#define jjrParStr      (proc1)19
#define jjCOUNT_RES    (proc1)22
#define jjDIM_R        (proc1)23
#define jjidTransp     (proc1)24

extern struct sValCmd1 dArith1[];
void jjInitTab1()
{
  int i=0;
  for (;dArith1[i].cmd!=0;i++)
  {
    if (dArith1[i].res<0)
    {
      switch ((int)dArith1[i].p)
      {
        case (int)jjstrlen:       dArith1[i].p=(proc1)strlen; break;
        case (int)jjpLength:      dArith1[i].p=(proc1)pLength; break;
        case (int)jjidElem:       dArith1[i].p=(proc1)idElem; break;
        case (int)jjidVec2Ideal:  dArith1[i].p=(proc1)idVec2Ideal; break;
#ifndef HAVE_FACTORY
        case (int)jjmpDetBareiss: dArith1[i].p=(proc1)mpDetBareiss; break;
#endif
        case (int)jjidFreeModule: dArith1[i].p=(proc1)idFreeModule; break;
        case (int)jjrCharStr:     dArith1[i].p=(proc1)rCharStr; break;
#ifndef MDEBUG
        case (int)jjpHead:        dArith1[i].p=(proc1)pHeadProc; break;
#endif
        case (int)jjidHead:       dArith1[i].p=(proc1)idHead; break;
        case (int)jjidMaxIdeal:   dArith1[i].p=(proc1)idMaxIdeal; break;
        case (int)jjidMinBase:    dArith1[i].p=(proc1)idMinBase; break;
        case (int)jjsyMinBase:    dArith1[i].p=(proc1)syMinBase; break;
        case (int)jjpMaxComp:     dArith1[i].p=(proc1)pMaxCompProc; break;
        case (int)jjmpTrace:      dArith1[i].p=(proc1)mpTrace; break;
        case (int)jjmpTransp:     dArith1[i].p=(proc1)mpTransp; break;
        case (int)jjrOrdStr:      dArith1[i].p=(proc1)rOrdStr; break;
        case (int)jjrVarStr:      dArith1[i].p=(proc1)rVarStr; break;
        case (int)jjrParStr:      dArith1[i].p=(proc1)rParStr; break;
        case (int)jjCOUNT_RES:    dArith1[i].p=(proc1)sySize; break;
        case (int)jjDIM_R:        dArith1[i].p=(proc1)syDim; break;
        case (int)jjidTransp:     dArith1[i].p=(proc1)idTransp; break;
#ifdef GENTABLE
        default: Werror("missing proc1-definition for %d",(int)(long)dArith1[i].p);
#endif
      }
    }
  }
}
#else
#if defined(PROC_BUG)
#define XS(A) A
static BOOLEAN jjstrlen(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)strlen((char *)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjpLength(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)pLength((poly)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjidElem(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)idElem((ideal)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjmpDetBareiss(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)mpDetBareiss((matrix)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjidFreeModule(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)idFreeModule((int)(long)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjidVec2Ideal(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)idVec2Ideal((poly)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjrCharStr(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = rCharStr((ring)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
#ifndef MDEBUG
static BOOLEAN jjpHead(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)pHead((poly)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
#endif
static BOOLEAN jjidHead(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)idHead((ideal)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjidMaxIdeal(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)idMaxIdeal((int)(long)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjidMinBase(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)idMinBase((ideal)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjsyMinBase(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)syMinBase((ideal)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjpMaxComp(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)pMaxComp((poly)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjmpTrace(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)mpTrace((matrix)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjmpTransp(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)mpTransp((matrix)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjrOrdStr(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = rOrdStr((ring)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjrVarStr(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = rVarStr((ring)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjrParStr(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = rParStr((ring)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCOUNT_RES(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data=(char *)sySize((syStrategy)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjDIM_R(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)syDim((syStrategy)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjidTransp(leftv res, leftv v)
{
  res->data = (char *)idTransp((ideal)v->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
#else
#define XS(A)          -((short)A)
#define jjstrlen       (proc1)strlen
#define jjpLength      (proc1)pLength
#define jjidElem       (proc1)idElem
#define jjmpDetBareiss (proc1)mpDetBareiss
#define jjidFreeModule (proc1)idFreeModule
#define jjidVec2Ideal  (proc1)idVec2Ideal
#define jjrCharStr     (proc1)rCharStr
#ifndef MDEBUG
#define jjpHead        (proc1)pHeadProc
#endif
#define jjidHead       (proc1)idHead
#define jjidMaxIdeal   (proc1)idMaxIdeal
#define jjidMinBase    (proc1)idMinBase
#define jjsyMinBase    (proc1)syMinBase
#define jjpMaxComp     (proc1)pMaxCompProc
#define jjmpTrace      (proc1)mpTrace
#define jjmpTransp     (proc1)mpTransp
#define jjrOrdStr      (proc1)rOrdStr
#define jjrVarStr      (proc1)rVarStr
#define jjrParStr      (proc1)rParStr
#define jjCOUNT_RES    (proc1)sySize
#define jjDIM_R        (proc1)syDim
#define jjidTransp     (proc1)idTransp
#endif
#endif
static BOOLEAN jjnInt(leftv res, leftv u)
{
  number n=(number)u->Data();
  res->data=(char *)(long)n_Int(n,currRing);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjnlInt(leftv res, leftv u)
{
  number n=(number)u->Data();
  res->data=(char *)(long)nlInt(n,NULL /*dummy for nlInt*/);
  return FALSE;
}
/*=================== operations with 3 args.: static proc =================*/
/* must be ordered: first operations for chars (infix ops),
 * then alphabetically */
static BOOLEAN jjBRACK_S(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v,leftv w)
{
  char *s= (char *)u->Data();
  int   r = (int)(long)v->Data();
  int   c = (int)(long)w->Data();
  int l = strlen(s);

  if ( (r<1) || (r>l) || (c<0) )
  {
    Werror("wrong range[%d,%d] in string %s",r,c,u->Fullname());
    return TRUE;
  }
  res->data = (char *)omAlloc((long)(c+1));
  sprintf((char *)res->data,"%-*.*s",c,c,s+r-1);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjBRACK_Im(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v,leftv w)
{
  intvec *iv = (intvec *)u->Data();
  int   r = (int)(long)v->Data();
  int   c = (int)(long)w->Data();
  if ((r<1)||(r>iv->rows())||(c<1)||(c>iv->cols()))
  {
    Werror("wrong range[%d,%d] in intmat %s(%d x %d)",
           r,c,u->Fullname(),iv->rows(),iv->cols());
    return TRUE;
  }
  res->data=u->data; u->data=NULL;
  res->rtyp=u->rtyp; u->rtyp=0;
  res->name=u->name; u->name=NULL;
  res->attribute=u->attribute; u->attribute=NULL;
  Subexpr e=jjMakeSub(v);
          e->next=jjMakeSub(w);
  if (u->e==NULL) res->e=e;
  else
  {
    Subexpr h=u->e;
    while (h->next!=NULL) h=h->next;
    h->next=e;
    res->e=u->e;
    u->e=NULL;
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjBRACK_Ma(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v,leftv w)
{
  matrix m= (matrix)u->Data();
  int   r = (int)(long)v->Data();
  int   c = (int)(long)w->Data();
  //Print("gen. elem %d, %d\n",r,c);
  if ((r<1)||(r>MATROWS(m))||(c<1)||(c>MATCOLS(m)))
  {
    Werror("wrong range[%d,%d] in matrix %s(%d x %d)",r,c,u->Fullname(),
      MATROWS(m),MATCOLS(m));
    return TRUE;
  }
  res->data=u->data; u->data=NULL;
  res->rtyp=u->rtyp; u->rtyp=0;
  res->name=u->name; u->name=NULL;
  res->attribute=u->attribute; u->attribute=NULL;
  Subexpr e=jjMakeSub(v);
          e->next=jjMakeSub(w);
  if (u->e==NULL)
    res->e=e;
  else
  {
    Subexpr h=u->e;
    while (h->next!=NULL) h=h->next;
    h->next=e;
    res->e=u->e;
    u->e=NULL;
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjBRACK_Ma_I_IV(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v,leftv w)
{
  sleftv t;
  sleftv ut;
  leftv p=NULL;
  intvec *iv=(intvec *)w->Data();
  int l;
  BOOLEAN nok;

  if ((u->rtyp!=IDHDL)||(u->e!=NULL))
  {
    WerrorS("cannot build expression lists from unnamed objects");
    return TRUE;
  }
  memcpy(&ut,u,sizeof(ut));
  memset(&t,0,sizeof(t));
  t.rtyp=INT_CMD;
  for (l=0;l< iv->length(); l++)
  {
    t.data=(char *)(long)((*iv)[l]);
    if (p==NULL)
    {
      p=res;
    }
    else
    {
      p->next=(leftv)omAlloc0Bin(sleftv_bin);
      p=p->next;
    }
    memcpy(u,&ut,sizeof(ut));
    if (u->Typ() == MATRIX_CMD)
      nok=jjBRACK_Ma(p,u,v,&t);
    else /* INTMAT_CMD */
      nok=jjBRACK_Im(p,u,v,&t);
    if (nok)
    {
      while (res->next!=NULL)
      {
        p=res->next->next;
        omFreeBin((ADDRESS)res->next, sleftv_bin);
        // res->e aufraeumen !!!!
        res->next=p;
      }
      return TRUE;
    }
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjBRACK_Ma_IV_I(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v,leftv w)
{
  sleftv t;
  sleftv ut;
  leftv p=NULL;
  intvec *iv=(intvec *)v->Data();
  int l;
  BOOLEAN nok;

  if ((u->rtyp!=IDHDL)||(u->e!=NULL))
  {
    WerrorS("cannot build expression lists from unnamed objects");
    return TRUE;
  }
  memcpy(&ut,u,sizeof(ut));
  memset(&t,0,sizeof(t));
  t.rtyp=INT_CMD;
  for (l=0;l< iv->length(); l++)
  {
    t.data=(char *)(long)((*iv)[l]);
    if (p==NULL)
    {
      p=res;
    }
    else
    {
      p->next=(leftv)omAlloc0Bin(sleftv_bin);
      p=p->next;
    }
    memcpy(u,&ut,sizeof(ut));
    if (u->Typ() == MATRIX_CMD)
      nok=jjBRACK_Ma(p,u,&t,w);
    else /* INTMAT_CMD */
      nok=jjBRACK_Im(p,u,&t,w);
    if (nok)
    {
      while (res->next!=NULL)
      {
        p=res->next->next;
        omFreeBin((ADDRESS)res->next, sleftv_bin);
        // res->e aufraeumen !!
        res->next=p;
      }
      return TRUE;
    }
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjBRACK_Ma_IV_IV(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v,leftv w)
{
  sleftv t1,t2,ut;
  leftv p=NULL;
  intvec *vv=(intvec *)v->Data();
  intvec *wv=(intvec *)w->Data();
  int vl;
  int wl;
  BOOLEAN nok;

  if ((u->rtyp!=IDHDL)||(u->e!=NULL))
  {
    WerrorS("cannot build expression lists from unnamed objects");
    return TRUE;
  }
  memcpy(&ut,u,sizeof(ut));
  memset(&t1,0,sizeof(sleftv));
  memset(&t2,0,sizeof(sleftv));
  t1.rtyp=INT_CMD;
  t2.rtyp=INT_CMD;
  for (vl=0;vl< vv->length(); vl++)
  {
    t1.data=(char *)(long)((*vv)[vl]);
    for (wl=0;wl< wv->length(); wl++)
    {
      t2.data=(char *)(long)((*wv)[wl]);
      if (p==NULL)
      {
        p=res;
      }
      else
      {
        p->next=(leftv)omAlloc0Bin(sleftv_bin);
        p=p->next;
      }
      memcpy(u,&ut,sizeof(ut));
      if (u->Typ() == MATRIX_CMD)
        nok=jjBRACK_Ma(p,u,&t1,&t2);
      else /* INTMAT_CMD */
        nok=jjBRACK_Im(p,u,&t1,&t2);
      if (nok)
      {
        res->CleanUp();
        return TRUE;
      }
    }
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjPROC3(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v, leftv w)
{
  v->next=(leftv)omAllocBin(sleftv_bin);
  memcpy(v->next,w,sizeof(sleftv));
  memset(w,0,sizeof(sleftv));
  return jjPROC(res,u,v);
}
static BOOLEAN jjCALL3MANY(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v, leftv w)
{
  u->next=(leftv)omAllocBin(sleftv_bin);
  memcpy(u->next,v,sizeof(sleftv));
  u->next->next=(leftv)omAllocBin(sleftv_bin);
  memcpy(u->next->next,w,sizeof(sleftv));
  BOOLEAN r=iiExprArithM(res,u,iiOp);
  v->Init();
  w->Init();
  //w->rtyp=0; w->data=NULL;
  // iiExprArithM did the CleanUp
  return r;
}
static BOOLEAN jjBAREISS3(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v, leftv w)
{
  intvec *iv;
  ideal m;
  lists l=(lists)omAllocBin(slists_bin);
  int k=(int)(long)w->Data();
  if (k>=0)
  {
    smCallBareiss((ideal)u->Data(),(int)(long)v->Data(),(int)(long)w->Data(),m,&iv);
    l->Init(2);
    l->m[0].rtyp=MODUL_CMD;
    l->m[1].rtyp=INTVEC_CMD;
    l->m[0].data=(void *)m;
    l->m[1].data=(void *)iv;
  }
  else
  {
    m=smCallSolv((ideal)u->Data());
    l->Init(1);
    l->m[0].rtyp=IDEAL_CMD;
    l->m[0].data=(void *)m;
  }
  res->data = (char *)l;
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCOEFFS3_Id(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v, leftv w)
{
  if ((w->rtyp!=IDHDL)||(w->e!=NULL))
  {
    WerrorS("3rd argument must be a name of a matrix");
    return TRUE;
  }
  ideal i=(ideal)u->Data();
  int rank=(int)i->rank;
  BOOLEAN r=jjCOEFFS_Id(res,u,v);
  if (r) return TRUE;
  mpMonomials((matrix)res->data, rank, pVar((poly)v->Data()),(matrix)w->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCOEFFS3_KB(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v, leftv w)
{
  res->data=(void*)idCoeffOfKBase((ideal)(u->Data()),
           (ideal)(v->Data()),(poly)(w->Data()));
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjCOEFFS3_P(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v, leftv w)
{
  if ((w->rtyp!=IDHDL)||(w->e!=NULL))
  {
    WerrorS("3rd argument must be a name of a matrix");
    return TRUE;
  }
  // CopyD for POLY_CMD and VECTOR_CMD are identical:
  poly p=(poly)u->CopyD(POLY_CMD);
  ideal i=idInit(1,1);
  i->m[0]=p;
  sleftv t;
  memset(&t,0,sizeof(t));
  t.data=(char *)i;
  t.rtyp=IDEAL_CMD;
  int rank=1;
  if (u->Typ()==VECTOR_CMD)
  {
    i->rank=rank=pMaxComp(p);
    t.rtyp=MODUL_CMD;
  }
  BOOLEAN r=jjCOEFFS_Id(res,&t,v);
  t.CleanUp();
  if (r) return TRUE;
  mpMonomials((matrix)res->data, rank, pVar((poly)v->Data()),(matrix)w->Data());
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjELIMIN_HILB(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v, leftv w)
{
  res->data=(char *)idElimination((ideal)u->Data(),(poly)v->Data(),
    (intvec *)w->Data());
  //setFlag(res,FLAG_STD);
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjFIND3(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v, leftv w)
{
  /*4
  * look for the substring what in the string where
  * starting at position n
  * return the position of the first char of what in where
  * or 0
  */
  int n=(int)(long)w->Data();
  char *where=(char *)u->Data();
  char *what=(char *)v->Data();
  char *found;
  if ((1>n)||(n>(int)strlen(where)))
  {
    Werror("start position %d out of range",n);
    return TRUE;
  }
  found = strchr(where+n-1,*what);
  if (*(what+1)!='\0')
  {
    while((found !=NULL) && (strncmp(found+1,what+1,strlen(what+1))!=0))
    {
      found=strchr(found+1,*what);
    }
  }
  if (found != NULL)
  {
    res->data=(char *)((found-where)+1);
  }
  return FALSE;
}
static BOOLEAN jjFWALK3(leftv res, leftv u, leftv v, leftv w)
{
  if ((int)(long)w->Data()==0)
    res->data=(char *)walkProc(u,v);
  else
    res->data=(char *)fractalWalkProc(u,v