source: git/libpolys/polys/ext_fields/transext.cc @ 45f4b2

spielwiese
Last change on this file since 45f4b2 was b3c736, checked in by Hans Schoenemann <hannes@…>, 8 years ago
add; CoeffName for transext
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 69.1 KB
Line 
1/****************************************
2*  Computer Algebra System SINGULAR     *
3****************************************/
4/*
5* ABSTRACT: numbers in a rational function field K(t_1, .., t_s) with
6*           transcendental variables t_1, ..., t_s, where s >= 1.
7*           Denoting the implemented coeffs object by cf, then these numbers
8*           are represented as quotients of polynomials living in the
9*           polynomial ring K[t_1, .., t_s] represented by cf->extring.
10*
11*           An element of K(t_1, .., t_s) may have numerous representations,
12*           due to the possibility of common polynomial factors in the
13*           numerator and denominator. This problem is handled by a
14*           cancellation heuristic: Each number "knows" its complexity
15*           which is 0 if and only if common factors have definitely been
16*           cancelled, and some positive integer otherwise.
17*           Each arithmetic operation of two numbers with complexities c1
18*           and c2 will result in a number of complexity c1 + c2 + some
19*           penalty (specific for each arithmetic operation; see constants
20*           in the *.h file). Whenever the resulting complexity exceeds a
21*           certain threshold (see constant in the *.h file), then the
22*           cancellation heuristic will call 'factory' to compute the gcd
23*           and cancel it out in the given number.
24*           For the special case of K = Q (i.e., when computing over the
25*           rationals), this definite cancellation procedure will also take
26*           care of nested fractions: If there are fractional coefficients
27*           in the numerator or denominator of a number, then this number
28*           is being replaced by a quotient of two polynomials over Z, or
29*           - if the denominator is a constant - by a polynomial over Q.
30*
31*           TODO: the description above needs a major update!!!
32*/
33#define TRANSEXT_PRIVATES
34
35#include <misc/auxiliary.h>
36
37#include <omalloc/omalloc.h>
38#include <factory/factory.h>
39
40#include <reporter/reporter.h>
41
42#include <coeffs/coeffs.h>
43#include <coeffs/numbers.h>
44
45#include <coeffs/longrat.h>
46
47#include <polys/monomials/ring.h>
48#include <polys/monomials/p_polys.h>
49#include <polys/simpleideals.h>
50
51#include <polys/clapsing.h>
52#include <polys/clapconv.h>
53
54#include <polys/prCopy.h>
55#include "transext.h"
56#include "algext.h"
57
58#include <polys/PolyEnumerator.h>
59
60
61/* constants for controlling the complexity of numbers */
62#define ADD_COMPLEXITY 1   /**< complexity increase due to + and - */
63#define MULT_COMPLEXITY 2   /**< complexity increase due to * and / */
64#define DIFF_COMPLEXITY 2   /**< complexity increase due to * and / */
65#define BOUND_COMPLEXITY 10   /**< maximum complexity of a number */
66
67/// TRUE iff num. represents 1
68#define NUMIS1(f) (p_IsOne(NUM(f), cf->extRing))
69
70#define COM(f) f->complexity
71
72
73#ifdef LDEBUG
74BOOLEAN  ntDBTest(number a, const char *f, const int l, const coeffs r);
75#endif
76
77#define ntTest(a) n_Test(a, cf)
78
79/* polynomial ring in which the numerators and denominators of our
80   numbers live */
81#define ntRing cf->extRing
82
83/* coeffs object in which the coefficients of our numbers live;
84 * methods attached to ntCoeffs may be used to compute with the
85 * coefficients of our numbers, e.g., use ntCoeffs->nAdd to add
86 * coefficients of our numbers */
87#define ntCoeffs cf->extRing->cf
88
89
90omBin fractionObjectBin = omGetSpecBin(sizeof(fractionObject));
91
92/// forward declarations
93BOOLEAN  ntGreaterZero(number a, const coeffs cf);
94BOOLEAN  ntGreater(number a, number b, const coeffs cf);
95BOOLEAN  ntEqual(number a, number b, const coeffs cf);
96BOOLEAN  ntIsOne(number a, const coeffs cf);
97BOOLEAN  ntIsMOne(number a, const coeffs cf);
98BOOLEAN  ntIsZero(number a, const coeffs cf);
99number   ntInit(long i, const coeffs cf);
100long     ntInt(number &a, const coeffs cf);
101number   ntNeg(number a, const coeffs cf);
102number   ntInvers(number a, const coeffs cf);
103number   ntAdd(number a, number b, const coeffs cf);
104number   ntSub(number a, number b, const coeffs cf);
105number   ntMult(number a, number b, const coeffs cf);
106number   ntDiv(number a, number b, const coeffs cf);
107void     ntPower(number a, int exp, number *b, const coeffs cf);
108number   ntCopy(number a, const coeffs cf);
109void     ntWriteLong(number a, const coeffs cf);
110void     ntWriteShort(number a, const coeffs cf);
111number   ntRePart(number a, const coeffs cf);
112number   ntImPart(number a, const coeffs cf);
113number   ntGetDenom(number &a, const coeffs cf);
114number   ntGetNumerator(number &a, const coeffs cf);
115number   ntGcd(number a, number b, const coeffs cf);
116number   ntNormalizeHelper(number a, number b, const coeffs cf);
117int      ntSize(number a, const coeffs cf);
118void     ntDelete(number * a, const coeffs cf);
119void     ntCoeffWrite(const coeffs cf, BOOLEAN details);
120const char * ntRead(const char *s, number *a, const coeffs cf);
121static BOOLEAN ntCoeffIsEqual(const coeffs cf, n_coeffType n, void * param);
122
123void heuristicGcdCancellation(number a, const coeffs cf);
124void definiteGcdCancellation(number a, const coeffs cf,
125                             BOOLEAN simpleTestsHaveAlreadyBeenPerformed);
126void handleNestedFractionsOverQ(fraction f, const coeffs cf);
127
128/* test routine, usualy disabled *
129 * if want to activate it, activate also the calls to check_N *
130 *
131void check_normalized(number t,const coeffs cf, const char *f, int l)
132{
133  if (IS0(t)) return;
134  if(rField_is_Q(ntRing))
135  {
136    poly pp=NUM(t);
137    while(pp!=NULL)
138    {
139      if (((SR_HDL(pGetCoeff(pp)) & SR_INT)==0)&&(SR_HDL(pGetCoeff(pp))!=NULL))
140      {
141        if (pGetCoeff(pp)->s==0)
142        {
143          Print("NUM not normalized in %s:%d\n",f,l);
144          p_Normalize(pp,ntRing);
145        }
146        else if (pGetCoeff(pp)->s==1)
147          Print("NUM is rational in %s:%d\n",f,l);
148      }
149      pIter(pp);
150    }
151    pp=DEN(t);
152    while(pp!=NULL)
153    {
154      if (((SR_HDL(pGetCoeff(pp)) & SR_INT)==0)&&(SR_HDL(pGetCoeff(pp))!=NULL))
155      {
156        if (pGetCoeff(pp)->s==0)
157        {
158          Print("NUM not normalized in %s:%d\n",f,l);
159          p_Normalize(pp,ntRing);
160        }
161        else if (pGetCoeff(pp)->s==1)
162          Print("DEN is rational in %s:%d\n",f,l);
163      }
164      pIter(pp);
165    }
166  }
167}
168#define check_N(A,B) check_normalized(A,B,__FILE__,__LINE__)
169*/
170
171#ifdef LDEBUG
172BOOLEAN ntDBTest(number a, const char *f, const int l, const coeffs cf)
173{
174  assume(getCoeffType(cf) == n_transExt);
175
176  if (IS0(a)) return TRUE;
177
178  const fraction t = (fraction)a;
179
180  //check_N(a,cf);
181  const poly num = NUM(t);
182  assume(num != NULL);   ///< t != 0 ==> numerator(t) != 0
183
184  p_Test(num, ntRing);
185
186  if (getCoeffType(ntCoeffs)==n_Q)
187    for( poly p = num; p != NULL; pIter(p) )
188      if (! nlIsInteger( p_GetCoeff(p, ntRing), ntCoeffs) )
189      {
190        Print("ERROR in %s:%d: non-integer Q coeff in num. poly\n",f,l);
191        Print("TERM: ");  p_wrp(p, ntRing); PrintLn();
192        return FALSE;
193      }
194
195  const poly den = DEN(t);
196
197  if (den != NULL) // !DENIS1(f)
198  {
199    p_Test(den, ntRing);
200
201    if (getCoeffType(ntCoeffs)==n_Q)
202      for( poly p = den; p != NULL; pIter(p) )
203        if (! nlIsInteger( p_GetCoeff(p, ntRing), ntCoeffs) )
204        {
205          Print("ERROR in %s:%d: non-integer Q coeff in den. poly\n",f,l);
206          Print("TERM: "); p_wrp(p, ntRing);  PrintLn();
207          return FALSE;
208        }
209
210    if (getCoeffType(ntCoeffs)==n_Zp)
211    {
212      if( p_IsConstant(den, ntRing) )
213      {
214        Print("ERROR in %s:%d: constant den. poly / Zp\n",f,l);
215        PrintS("NUM: ");  p_Write(num, ntRing);
216        PrintS("DEN: ");  p_Write(den, ntRing);
217        return FALSE;
218      }
219
220      if( !n_IsOne(pGetCoeff(den), ntCoeffs) )
221      {
222        Print("ERROR in %s:%d: non-monic den. poly / Zp\n",f,l);
223        PrintS("NUM: ");  p_Write(num, ntRing);
224        PrintS("DEN: ");  p_Write(den, ntRing);
225        return FALSE;
226      }
227    }
228
229    if (COM(t)==0)
230    {
231      poly gcd = singclap_gcd_r( num, den, ntRing );
232      if(gcd!=NULL)
233      {
234        if((gcd!=NULL) && !p_IsOne(gcd, ntRing) )
235        {
236          Print("ERROR in %s:%d: 1 != GCD between num. & den. poly\n",f,l);
237          PrintS("GCD: ");  p_Write(gcd, ntRing);
238          PrintS("NUM: ");  p_Write(num, ntRing);
239          PrintS("DEN: ");  p_Write(den, ntRing);
240          return FALSE;
241        }
242        p_Delete( &gcd, ntRing );
243      }
244    }
245    return TRUE;
246
247    if(p_IsConstant(den, ntRing) && (n_IsOne(pGetCoeff(den), ntCoeffs)))
248    {
249      Print("?/1 in %s:%d\n",f,l);
250      return FALSE;
251    }
252    if( !n_GreaterZero(pGetCoeff(den), ntCoeffs) )
253    {
254      Print("negative sign of DEN. of a fraction in %s:%d\n",f,l);
255      return FALSE;
256    }
257    // test that den is over integers!?
258  }
259  else
260  {
261    return TRUE;
262
263    // num != NULL // den == NULL
264//    if( COM(t) != 0 )
265//    {
266//      Print("?//NULL with non-zero complexity: %d in %s:%d\n", COM(t), f, l);
267//      return FALSE;
268//    }
269    // test that nume is over integers!?
270  }
271  if (getCoeffType(ntCoeffs)==n_Q)
272  {
273    poly p=num; // !=NULL
274    do
275    {
276      number n=pGetCoeff(p);
277      n_Test(n,ntCoeffs);
278      if ((!(SR_HDL(n) & SR_INT))&&(n->s==0))
279      /* not normalized, just do for the following test*/
280      {
281        n_Normalize(pGetCoeff(p),ntCoeffs);
282        n=pGetCoeff(p);
283      }
284      if (!(SR_HDL(n) & SR_INT))
285      {
286        if (n->s<2)
287          Print("rational coeff in num: %s:%d\n",f,l);
288      }
289      pIter(p);
290    } while(p!=NULL);
291    p=den;
292    while(p!=NULL)
293    {
294      number n=pGetCoeff(p);
295      if (!(SR_HDL(n) & SR_INT))
296      {
297        if (n->s!=3)
298          Print("rational coeff in den.:%s:%d\n",f,l);
299      }
300      pIter(p);
301    }
302  }
303  return TRUE;
304}
305#endif
306
307/* returns the bottom field in this field extension tower; if the tower
308   is flat, i.e., if there is no extension, then r itself is returned;
309   as a side-effect, the counter 'height' is filled with the height of
310   the extension tower (in case the tower is flat, 'height' is zero) */
311static coeffs nCoeff_bottom(const coeffs r, int &height)
312{
313  assume(r != NULL);
314  coeffs cf = r;
315  height = 0;
316  while (nCoeff_is_Extension(cf))
317  {
318    assume(cf->extRing != NULL); assume(cf->extRing->cf != NULL);
319    cf = cf->extRing->cf;
320    height++;
321  }
322  return cf;
323}
324
325BOOLEAN ntIsZero(number a, const coeffs cf)
326{
327  //check_N(a,cf);
328  ntTest(a); // !!!
329  return (IS0(a));
330}
331
332void ntDelete(number * a, const coeffs cf)
333{
334  //check_N(*a,cf);
335  ntTest(*a); // !!!
336
337  fraction f = (fraction)(*a);
338  if (IS0(f)) return;
339  p_Delete(&NUM(f), ntRing);
340  if (!DENIS1(f)) p_Delete(&DEN(f), ntRing);
341  omFreeBin((ADDRESS)f, fractionObjectBin);
342  *a = NULL;
343}
344
345BOOLEAN ntEqual(number a, number b, const coeffs cf)
346{
347  //check_N(a,cf);
348  //check_N(b,cf);
349  ntTest(a);
350  ntTest(b);
351
352  /// simple tests
353  if (a == b) return TRUE;
354  if ((IS0(a)) && (!IS0(b))) return FALSE;
355  if ((IS0(b)) && (!IS0(a))) return FALSE;
356
357  /// cheap test if gcd's have been cancelled in both numbers
358  fraction fa = (fraction)a;
359  fraction fb = (fraction)b;
360  if ((COM(fa) == 1) && (COM(fb) == 1))
361  {
362    poly f = p_Add_q(p_Copy(NUM(fa), ntRing),
363                     p_Neg(p_Copy(NUM(fb), ntRing), ntRing),
364                     ntRing);
365    if (f != NULL) { p_Delete(&f, ntRing); return FALSE; }
366    if (DENIS1(fa) && DENIS1(fb))  return TRUE;
367    if (DENIS1(fa) && !DENIS1(fb)) return FALSE;
368    if (!DENIS1(fa) && DENIS1(fb)) return FALSE;
369    f = p_Add_q(p_Copy(DEN(fa), ntRing),
370                p_Neg(p_Copy(DEN(fb), ntRing), ntRing),
371                ntRing);
372    if (f != NULL) { p_Delete(&f, ntRing); return FALSE; }
373    return TRUE;
374  }
375
376  /* default: the more expensive multiplication test
377              a/b = c/d  <==>  a*d = b*c */
378  poly f = p_Copy(NUM(fa), ntRing);
379  if (!DENIS1(fb)) f = p_Mult_q(f, p_Copy(DEN(fb), ntRing), ntRing);
380  poly g = p_Copy(NUM(fb), ntRing);
381  if (!DENIS1(fa)) g = p_Mult_q(g, p_Copy(DEN(fa), ntRing), ntRing);
382  poly h = p_Add_q(f, p_Neg(g, ntRing), ntRing);
383  if (h == NULL) return TRUE;
384  else
385  {
386    p_Delete(&h, ntRing);
387    return FALSE;
388  }
389}
390
391number ntCopy(number a, const coeffs cf)
392{
393  //check_N(a,cf);
394  ntTest(a); // !!!
395  if (IS0(a)) return NULL;
396  fraction f = (fraction)a;
397  poly g = NUM(f);
398  poly h = NULL;
399  h =DEN(f);
400  fraction result = (fraction)omAlloc0Bin(fractionObjectBin);
401  NUM(result) = p_Copy(g,cf->extRing);
402  DEN(result) = p_Copy(h,cf->extRing);
403  COM(result) = COM(f);
404  ntTest((number)result);
405  return (number)result;
406}
407
408/// TODO: normalization of a!?
409number ntGetNumerator(number &a, const coeffs cf)
410{
411  //check_N(a,cf);
412  ntTest(a);
413  if (IS0(a)) return NULL;
414
415  definiteGcdCancellation(a, cf, FALSE);
416
417  fraction f = (fraction)a;
418  fraction result = (fraction)omAlloc0Bin(fractionObjectBin);
419
420  const BOOLEAN denis1= DENIS1 (f);
421
422  if (getCoeffType (ntCoeffs) == n_Q && !denis1)
423    handleNestedFractionsOverQ (f, cf);
424
425  if (getCoeffType (ntCoeffs) == n_Q && denis1)
426  {
427    assume( DEN (f) == NULL );
428
429    number g;
430    // TODO/NOTE: the following should not be necessary (due to
431    // Hannes!) as NUM (f) should be over Z!!!
432    CPolyCoeffsEnumerator itr(NUM(f));
433
434
435    n_ClearDenominators(itr, g, ntCoeffs);
436
437    if( !n_GreaterZero(g, ntCoeffs) )
438    {
439      NUM (f) = p_Neg(NUM (f), ntRing);
440      g = n_InpNeg(g, ntCoeffs);
441    }
442
443    // g should be a positive integer now!
444    assume( n_GreaterZero(g, ntCoeffs) );
445
446    if( !n_IsOne(g, ntCoeffs) )
447    {
448      DEN (f) = p_NSet(g, ntRing);
449      COM (f) ++;
450      assume( DEN (f) != NULL );
451    }
452    else
453      n_Delete(&g, ntCoeffs);
454
455    ntTest(a);
456  }
457
458  // Call ntNormalize instead of above?!?
459
460  NUM (result) = p_Copy (NUM (f), ntRing); // ???
461  //DEN (result) = NULL; // done by ..Alloc0..
462  //COM (result) = 0; // done by ..Alloc0..
463
464  ntTest((number)result);
465  //check_N((number)result,cf);
466  return (number)result;
467}
468
469/// TODO: normalization of a!?
470number ntGetDenom(number &a, const coeffs cf)
471{
472  //check_N(a,cf);
473  ntTest(a);
474
475  fraction result = (fraction)omAlloc0Bin(fractionObjectBin);
476  //DEN (result)= NULL; // done by ..Alloc0..
477  //COM (result)= 0; // done by ..Alloc0..
478
479  if (IS0(a))
480  {
481    NUM (result) = p_One(ntRing);
482    return (number)result;
483  }
484
485  definiteGcdCancellation(a, cf, FALSE);
486
487  fraction f = (fraction)a;
488
489  assume( !IS0(f) );
490
491  const BOOLEAN denis1 = DENIS1 (f);
492
493  if( denis1 && (getCoeffType (ntCoeffs) != n_Q) ) // */1 or 0
494  {
495    NUM (result)= p_One(ntRing);
496    ntTest((number)result);
497    return (number)result;
498  }
499
500  if (!denis1) // */* / Q
501  {
502    assume( DEN (f) != NULL );
503
504    if (getCoeffType (ntCoeffs) == n_Q)
505      handleNestedFractionsOverQ (f, cf);
506
507    ntTest(a);
508
509    if( DEN (f) != NULL ) // is it ?? // 1 now???
510    {
511      assume( !p_IsOne(DEN (f), ntRing) );
512
513      NUM (result) = p_Copy (DEN (f), ntRing);
514      ntTest((number)result);
515      return (number)result;
516    }
517//    NUM (result) = p_One(ntRing); // NOTE: just in order to be sure...
518  }
519
520  // */1 / Q
521  assume( getCoeffType (ntCoeffs) == n_Q );
522  assume( DEN (f) == NULL );
523
524  number g;
525//    poly num= p_Copy (NUM (f), ntRing); // ???
526
527
528  // TODO/NOTE: the following should not be necessary (due to
529  // Hannes!) as NUM (f) should be over Z!!!
530  CPolyCoeffsEnumerator itr(NUM(f));
531
532  n_ClearDenominators(itr, g, ntCoeffs); // may return -1 :(((
533
534  if( !n_GreaterZero(g, ntCoeffs) )
535  {
536//     NUM (f) = p_Neg(NUM (f), ntRing); // Ugly :(((
537//     g = n_InpNeg(g, ntCoeffs);
538    NUM (f) = p_Neg(NUM (f), ntRing); // Ugly :(((
539    g = n_InpNeg(g, ntCoeffs);
540  }
541
542  // g should be a positive integer now!
543  assume( n_GreaterZero(g, ntCoeffs) );
544
545  if( !n_IsOne(g, ntCoeffs) )
546  {
547    assume( n_GreaterZero(g, ntCoeffs) );
548    assume( !n_IsOne(g, ntCoeffs) );
549
550    DEN (f) = p_NSet(g, ntRing); // update COM(f)???
551    assume( DEN (f) != NULL );
552    COM (f) ++;
553
554    NUM (result)= p_Copy (DEN (f), ntRing);
555  }
556  else
557  { // common denom == 1?
558    NUM (result)= p_NSet(g, ntRing); // p_Copy (DEN (f), ntRing);
559//  n_Delete(&g, ntCoeffs);
560  }
561
562//    if (!p_IsConstant (num, ntRing) && pNext(num) != NULL)
563//    else
564//      g= p_GetAllDenom (num, ntRing);
565//    result= (fraction) ntSetMap (ntCoeffs, cf) (g, ntCoeffs, cf);
566
567  ntTest((number)result);
568  //check_N((number)result,cf);
569  return (number)result;
570}
571
572BOOLEAN ntIsOne(number a, const coeffs cf)
573{
574  //check_N(a,cf);
575  ntTest(a); // !!!
576  definiteGcdCancellation(a, cf, FALSE);
577  fraction f = (fraction)a;
578  return (f!=NULL) && DENIS1(f) && NUMIS1(f);
579}
580
581BOOLEAN ntIsMOne(number a, const coeffs cf)
582{
583  //check_N(a,cf);
584  ntTest(a);
585  definiteGcdCancellation(a, cf, FALSE);
586  fraction f = (fraction)a;
587  if ((f==NULL) || (!DENIS1(f))) return FALSE;
588  poly g = NUM(f);
589  if (!p_IsConstant(g, ntRing)) return FALSE;
590  return n_IsMOne(p_GetCoeff(g, ntRing), ntCoeffs);
591}
592
593/// this is in-place, modifies a
594number ntNeg(number a, const coeffs cf)
595{
596  //check_N(a,cf);
597  ntTest(a);
598  if (!IS0(a))
599  {
600    fraction f = (fraction)a;
601    NUM(f) = p_Neg(NUM(f), ntRing);
602  }
603  ntTest(a);
604  return a;
605}
606
607number ntImPart(number a, const coeffs cf)
608{
609  ntTest(a);
610  return NULL;
611}
612
613number ntInit(long i, const coeffs cf)
614{
615  if (i != 0)
616  {
617    poly p=p_ISet(i, ntRing);
618    if (p!=NULL)
619    {
620      fraction result = (fraction)omAlloc0Bin(fractionObjectBin);
621      NUM(result) = p;
622      //DEN(result) = NULL; // done by omAlloc0Bin
623      //COM(result) = 0; // done by omAlloc0Bin
624      ntTest((number)result);
625      //check_N((number)result,cf);
626      return (number)result;
627    }
628  }
629  return NULL;
630}
631
632
633/// takes over p!
634number ntInit(poly p, const coeffs cf)
635{
636  if (p == NULL) return NULL;
637
638  p_Test( p, ntRing);
639  fraction f = (fraction)omAlloc0Bin(fractionObjectBin);
640
641  if (nCoeff_is_Q(ntCoeffs))
642  {
643    number g;
644    // the following is necessary because
645    // NUM (f) should be over Z,
646    // while p may be over Q
647    CPolyCoeffsEnumerator itr(p);
648
649    n_ClearDenominators(itr, g, ntCoeffs);
650
651    if( !n_GreaterZero(g, ntCoeffs) )
652    {
653      p = p_Neg(p, ntRing);
654      g = n_InpNeg(g, ntCoeffs);
655    }
656
657    // g should be a positive integer now!
658    assume( n_GreaterZero(g, ntCoeffs) );
659
660    if( !n_IsOne(g, ntCoeffs) )
661    {
662      DEN (f) = p_NSet(g, ntRing);
663      p_Normalize(DEN(f), ntRing);
664      assume( DEN (f) != NULL );
665    }
666    else
667    {
668      //DEN(f) = NULL; // done by omAlloc0
669      n_Delete(&g, ntCoeffs);
670    }
671  }
672
673  p_Normalize(p, ntRing);
674  NUM(f) = p;
675  //COM(f) = 0; // done by omAlloc0
676
677  //check_N((number)f,cf);
678  ntTest((number)f);
679  return (number)f;
680}
681
682long ntInt(number &a, const coeffs cf)
683{
684  //check_N(a,cf);
685  ntTest(a);
686  if (IS0(a)) return 0;
687  definiteGcdCancellation(a, cf, FALSE);
688  fraction f = (fraction)a;
689  if (!DENIS1(f)) return 0;
690
691  const poly aAsPoly = NUM(f);
692
693  if(aAsPoly == NULL)
694    return 0;
695
696  if (!p_IsConstant(aAsPoly, ntRing))
697    return 0;
698
699  assume( aAsPoly != NULL );
700
701  return n_Int(p_GetCoeff(aAsPoly, ntRing), ntCoeffs);
702}
703
704/* This method will only consider the numerators of a and b, without
705   cancelling gcd's before.
706   Moreover it may return TRUE only if one or both numerators
707   are zero or if their degrees are equal. Then TRUE is returned iff
708   coeff(numerator(a)) > coeff(numerator(b));
709   In all other cases, FALSE will be returned. */
710BOOLEAN ntGreater(number a, number b, const coeffs cf)
711{
712  //check_N(a,cf);
713  //check_N(b,cf);
714  ntTest(a);
715  ntTest(b);
716  number aNumCoeff = NULL; int aNumDeg = 0;
717  number aDenCoeff = NULL; int aDenDeg = 0;
718  number bNumCoeff = NULL; int bNumDeg = 0;
719  number bDenCoeff = NULL; int bDenDeg = 0;
720  if (!IS0(a))
721  {
722    fraction fa = (fraction)a;
723    aNumDeg = p_Totaldegree(NUM(fa), ntRing);
724    aNumCoeff = p_GetCoeff(NUM(fa), ntRing);
725    if (DEN(fa)!=NULL)
726    {
727      aDenDeg = p_Totaldegree(DEN(fa), ntRing);
728      aDenCoeff=p_GetCoeff(DEN(fa),ntRing);
729    }
730  }
731  else return !(ntGreaterZero (b,cf));
732  if (!IS0(b))
733  {
734    fraction fb = (fraction)b;
735    bNumDeg = p_Totaldegree(NUM(fb), ntRing);
736    bNumCoeff = p_GetCoeff(NUM(fb), ntRing);
737    if (DEN(fb)!=NULL)
738    {
739      bDenDeg = p_Totaldegree(DEN(fb), ntRing);
740      bDenCoeff=p_GetCoeff(DEN(fb),ntRing);
741    }
742  }
743  else return ntGreaterZero(a,cf);
744  if (aNumDeg-aDenDeg > bNumDeg-bDenDeg) return TRUE;
745  if (aNumDeg-aDenDeg < bNumDeg-bDenDeg) return FALSE;
746  number aa;
747  number bb;
748  if (bDenCoeff==NULL) aa=n_Copy(aNumCoeff,ntCoeffs);
749  else                 aa=n_Mult(aNumCoeff,bDenCoeff,ntCoeffs);
750  if (aDenCoeff==NULL) bb=n_Copy(bNumCoeff,ntCoeffs);
751  else                 bb=n_Mult(bNumCoeff,aDenCoeff,ntCoeffs);
752  BOOLEAN rr= n_Greater(aa, bb, ntCoeffs);
753  n_Delete(&aa,ntCoeffs);
754  n_Delete(&bb,ntCoeffs);
755  return rr;
756}
757
758/* this method will only consider the numerator of a, without cancelling
759   the gcd before;
760   returns TRUE iff the leading coefficient of the numerator of a is > 0
761                    or the leading term of the numerator of a is not a
762                    constant */
763BOOLEAN ntGreaterZero(number a, const coeffs cf)
764{
765  //check_N(a,cf);
766  ntTest(a);
767  if (IS0(a)) return FALSE;
768  fraction f = (fraction)a;
769  poly g = NUM(f);
770  return (!p_LmIsConstant(g,ntRing)|| n_GreaterZero(pGetCoeff(g), ntCoeffs));
771}
772
773void ntCoeffWrite(const coeffs cf, BOOLEAN details)
774{
775  assume( cf != NULL );
776
777  const ring A = cf->extRing;
778
779  assume( A != NULL );
780  assume( A->cf != NULL );
781
782  n_CoeffWrite(A->cf, details);
783
784//  rWrite(A);
785
786  const int P = rVar(A);
787  assume( P > 0 );
788
789  Print("//   %d parameter    : ", P);
790
791  for (int nop=0; nop < P; nop ++)
792    Print("%s ", rRingVar(nop, A));
793
794  assume( A->qideal == NULL );
795
796  PrintS("\n//   minpoly        : 0\n");
797
798/*
799  PrintS("//   Coefficients live in the rational function field\n");
800  Print("//   K(");
801  for (int i = 0; i < rVar(ntRing); i++)
802  {
803    if (i > 0) PrintS(" ");
804    Print("%s", rRingVar(i, ntRing));
805  }
806  PrintS(") with\n");
807  PrintS("//   K: "); n_CoeffWrite(cf->extRing->cf);
808*/
809}
810
811number ntDiff(number a, number d, const coeffs cf)
812{
813  //check_N(a,cf);
814  //check_N(d,cf);
815  ntTest(a);
816  ntTest(d);
817
818  if (IS0(d))
819  {
820    WerrorS("ringvar expected");
821    return NULL;
822  }
823  fraction t = (fraction) d;
824  if (!DENIS1(t))
825  {
826    WerrorS("expected differentiation by a variable");
827    return NULL;
828  }
829  int k=p_Var(NUM(t),ntRing);
830  if (k==0)
831  {
832    WerrorS("expected differentiation by a variable");
833    return NULL;
834  }
835
836  if (IS0(a)) return ntCopy(a, cf);
837
838  fraction fa = (fraction)a;
839  fraction result = (fraction)omAlloc0Bin(fractionObjectBin);
840  if (DENIS1(fa))
841  {
842     NUM(result) = p_Diff(NUM(fa),k,ntRing);
843     //DEN(result) = NULL; // done by ..Alloc0..
844     if (NUM(result)==NULL)
845     {
846       omFreeBin((ADDRESS)result, fractionObjectBin);
847       return(NULL);
848     }
849     COM(result) = COM(fa);
850     //check_N((number)result,cf);
851     ntTest((number)result);
852     return (number)result;
853  }
854
855  poly fg = p_Mult_q(p_Copy(DEN(fa),ntRing),p_Diff(NUM(fa),k,ntRing),ntRing);
856  poly gf = p_Mult_q(p_Copy(NUM(fa),ntRing),p_Diff(DEN(fa),k,ntRing),ntRing);
857  NUM(result) = p_Sub(fg,gf,ntRing);
858  if (NUM(result)==NULL) return(NULL);
859  DEN(result) = pp_Mult_qq(DEN(fa), DEN(fa), ntRing);
860  COM(result) = COM(fa) + COM(fa) + DIFF_COMPLEXITY;
861  heuristicGcdCancellation((number)result, cf);
862
863  //check_N((number)result,cf);
864  ntTest((number)result);
865  return (number)result;
866}
867
868
869number ntAdd(number a, number b, const coeffs cf)
870{
871  //check_N(a,cf);
872  //check_N(b,cf);
873  ntTest(a);
874  ntTest(b);
875  if (IS0(a)) return ntCopy(b, cf);
876  if (IS0(b)) return ntCopy(a, cf);
877
878  fraction fa = (fraction)a;
879  fraction fb = (fraction)b;
880
881  poly g = p_Copy(NUM(fa), ntRing);
882  if (!DENIS1(fb)) g = p_Mult_q(g, p_Copy(DEN(fb), ntRing), ntRing);
883  poly h = p_Copy(NUM(fb), ntRing);
884  if (!DENIS1(fa)) h = p_Mult_q(h, p_Copy(DEN(fa), ntRing), ntRing);
885  g = p_Add_q(g, h, ntRing);
886
887  if (g == NULL) return NULL;
888
889  poly f;
890  if      (DENIS1(fa) && DENIS1(fb))  f = NULL;
891  else if (!DENIS1(fa) && DENIS1(fb)) f = p_Copy(DEN(fa), ntRing);
892  else if (DENIS1(fa) && !DENIS1(fb)) f = p_Copy(DEN(fb), ntRing);
893  else /* both denom's are != 1 */    f = p_Mult_q(p_Copy(DEN(fa), ntRing),
894                                                   p_Copy(DEN(fb), ntRing),
895                                                   ntRing);
896
897  fraction result = (fraction)omAllocBin(fractionObjectBin);
898  NUM(result) = g;
899  DEN(result) = f;
900  COM(result) = COM(fa) + COM(fb) + ADD_COMPLEXITY;
901  heuristicGcdCancellation((number)result, cf);
902
903//  ntTest((number)result);
904
905  //check_N((number)result,cf);
906  ntTest((number)result);
907  return (number)result;
908}
909
910number ntSub(number a, number b, const coeffs cf)
911{
912  //check_N(a,cf);
913  //check_N(b,cf);
914  ntTest(a);
915  ntTest(b);
916  if (IS0(a)) return ntNeg(ntCopy(b, cf), cf);
917  if (IS0(b)) return ntCopy(a, cf);
918
919  fraction fa = (fraction)a;
920  fraction fb = (fraction)b;
921
922  poly g = p_Copy(NUM(fa), ntRing);
923  if (!DENIS1(fb)) g = p_Mult_q(g, p_Copy(DEN(fb), ntRing), ntRing);
924  poly h = p_Copy(NUM(fb), ntRing);
925  if (!DENIS1(fa)) h = p_Mult_q(h, p_Copy(DEN(fa), ntRing), ntRing);
926  g = p_Add_q(g, p_Neg(h, ntRing), ntRing);
927
928  if (g == NULL) return NULL;
929
930  poly f;
931  if      (DENIS1(fa) && DENIS1(fb))  f = NULL;
932  else if (!DENIS1(fa) && DENIS1(fb)) f = p_Copy(DEN(fa), ntRing);
933  else if (DENIS1(fa) && !DENIS1(fb)) f = p_Copy(DEN(fb), ntRing);
934  else /* both den's are != 1 */      f = p_Mult_q(p_Copy(DEN(fa), ntRing),
935                                                   p_Copy(DEN(fb), ntRing),
936                                                   ntRing);
937
938  fraction result = (fraction)omAllocBin(fractionObjectBin);
939  NUM(result) = g;
940  DEN(result) = f;
941  COM(result) = COM(fa) + COM(fb) + ADD_COMPLEXITY;
942  heuristicGcdCancellation((number)result, cf);
943//  ntTest((number)result);
944  //check_N((number)result,cf);
945  ntTest((number)result);
946  return (number)result;
947}
948
949number ntMult(number a, number b, const coeffs cf)
950{
951  //check_N(a,cf);
952  //check_N(b,cf);
953  ntTest(a); // !!!?
954  ntTest(b); // !!!?
955
956  if (IS0(a) || IS0(b)) return NULL;
957
958  fraction fa = (fraction)a;
959  fraction fb = (fraction)b;
960
961  const poly g = pp_Mult_qq(NUM(fa), NUM(fb), ntRing);
962
963  if (g == NULL) return NULL; // may happen due to zero divisors???
964
965  fraction result = (fraction)omAllocBin(fractionObjectBin);
966
967  NUM(result) = g;
968
969  const poly da = DEN(fa);
970  const poly db = DEN(fb);
971
972
973  //check_N((number)result,cf);
974  if (db == NULL)
975  {
976    // b = ? // NULL
977
978    if(da == NULL)
979    { // both fa && fb are ?? // NULL!
980      assume (da == NULL && db == NULL);
981      DEN(result) = NULL;
982      COM(result) = 0;
983    }
984    else
985    {
986      assume (da != NULL && db == NULL);
987      DEN(result) = p_Copy(da, ntRing);
988      COM(result) = COM(fa) + MULT_COMPLEXITY;
989      heuristicGcdCancellation((number)result, cf);
990      //check_N((number)result,cf);
991    }
992  }
993  else
994  { // b = ?? / ??
995    if (da == NULL)
996    { // a == ? // NULL
997      assume( db != NULL && da == NULL);
998      DEN(result) = p_Copy(db, ntRing);
999      COM(result) = COM(fb) + MULT_COMPLEXITY;
1000      heuristicGcdCancellation((number)result, cf);
1001      //check_N((number)result,cf);
1002    }
1003    else /* both den's are != 1 */
1004    {
1005      assume (da != NULL && db != NULL);
1006      DEN(result) = pp_Mult_qq(da, db, ntRing);
1007      COM(result) = COM(fa) + COM(fb) + MULT_COMPLEXITY;
1008      heuristicGcdCancellation((number)result, cf);
1009      //check_N((number)result,cf);
1010    }
1011  }
1012
1013//  ntTest((number)result);
1014
1015  //check_N((number)result,cf);
1016  ntTest((number)result);
1017  return (number)result;
1018}
1019
1020static void ntNormalizeDen(fraction result, const ring R)
1021{
1022  if ((nCoeff_has_simple_inverse(R->cf))
1023  && (result!=NULL)
1024  && (DEN(result)!=NULL))
1025  {
1026    poly n=DEN(result);
1027    if (!n_IsOne(pGetCoeff(n),R->cf))
1028    {
1029      number inv=n_Invers(pGetCoeff(n),R->cf);
1030      DEN(result)=p_Mult_nn(n,inv,R);
1031      NUM(result)=p_Mult_nn(NUM(result),inv,R);
1032      n_Delete(&inv,R->cf);
1033      if (p_IsOne(DEN(result), R))
1034      {
1035        n=DEN(result);
1036        DEN(result)=NULL;
1037        COM(result) = 0;
1038        p_Delete(&n,R);
1039      }
1040    }
1041  }
1042}
1043
1044number ntDiv(number a, number b, const coeffs cf)
1045{
1046  //check_N(a,cf);
1047  //check_N(b,cf);
1048  ntTest(a);
1049  ntTest(b);
1050  if (IS0(a)) return NULL;
1051  if (IS0(b)) WerrorS(nDivBy0);
1052
1053  fraction fa = (fraction)a;
1054  fraction fb = (fraction)b;
1055
1056  poly g = p_Copy(NUM(fa), ntRing);
1057  if (!DENIS1(fb)) g = p_Mult_q(g, p_Copy(DEN(fb), ntRing), ntRing);
1058
1059  if (g == NULL) return NULL;   /* may happen due to zero divisors */
1060
1061  poly f = p_Copy(NUM(fb), ntRing);
1062  if (!DENIS1(fa)) f = p_Mult_q(f, p_Copy(DEN(fa), ntRing), ntRing);
1063
1064  fraction result = (fraction)omAlloc0Bin(fractionObjectBin);
1065  NUM(result) = g;
1066  if (!n_GreaterZero(pGetCoeff(f),ntCoeffs))
1067  {
1068    g=p_Neg(g,ntRing);
1069    f=p_Neg(f,ntRing);
1070    NUM(result) = g;
1071  }
1072  if (!p_IsConstant(f,ntRing) || !n_IsOne(pGetCoeff(f),ntCoeffs))
1073  {
1074    DEN(result) = f;
1075  }
1076  COM(result) = COM(fa) + COM(fb) + MULT_COMPLEXITY;
1077//  definiteGcdCancellation((number)result, cf,FALSE);
1078  heuristicGcdCancellation((number)result, cf);
1079//  ntTest((number)result);
1080  //check_N((number)result,cf);
1081  ntNormalizeDen(result,ntRing);
1082  ntTest((number)result);
1083  return (number)result;
1084}
1085
1086/* 0^0 = 0;
1087   for |exp| <= 7 compute power by a simple multiplication loop;
1088   for |exp| >= 8 compute power along binary presentation of |exp|, e.g.
1089      p^13 = p^1 * p^4 * p^8, where we utilise that
1090      p^(2^(k+1)) = p^(2^k) * p^(2^k);
1091   intermediate cancellation is controlled by the in-place method
1092   heuristicGcdCancellation; see there.
1093*/
1094void ntPower(number a, int exp, number *b, const coeffs cf)
1095{
1096  ntTest(a);
1097
1098  /* special cases first */
1099  if (IS0(a))
1100  {
1101    if (exp >= 0) *b = NULL;
1102    else          WerrorS(nDivBy0);
1103  }
1104  else if (exp ==  0) { *b = ntInit(1, cf); return;}
1105  else if (exp ==  1) { *b = ntCopy(a, cf); return;}
1106  else if (exp == -1) { *b = ntInvers(a, cf); return;}
1107
1108  int expAbs = exp; if (expAbs < 0) expAbs = -expAbs;
1109
1110  /* now compute a^expAbs */
1111  number pow; number t;
1112  if (expAbs <= 7)
1113  {
1114    pow = ntCopy(a, cf);
1115    for (int i = 2; i <= expAbs; i++)
1116    {
1117      t = ntMult(pow, a, cf);
1118      ntDelete(&pow, cf);
1119      pow = t;
1120      heuristicGcdCancellation(pow, cf);
1121    }
1122  }
1123  else
1124  {
1125    pow = ntInit(1, cf);
1126    number factor = ntCopy(a, cf);
1127    while (expAbs != 0)
1128    {
1129      if (expAbs & 1)
1130      {
1131        t = ntMult(pow, factor, cf);
1132        ntDelete(&pow, cf);
1133        pow = t;
1134        heuristicGcdCancellation(pow, cf);
1135      }
1136      expAbs = expAbs / 2;
1137      if (expAbs != 0)
1138      {
1139        t = ntMult(factor, factor, cf);
1140        ntDelete(&factor, cf);
1141        factor = t;
1142        heuristicGcdCancellation(factor, cf);
1143      }
1144    }
1145    ntDelete(&factor, cf);
1146  }
1147
1148  /* invert if original exponent was negative */
1149  if (exp < 0)
1150  {
1151    t = ntInvers(pow, cf);
1152    ntDelete(&pow, cf);
1153    pow = t;
1154  }
1155  *b = pow;
1156  ntTest(*b);
1157  //check_N(*b,cf);
1158}
1159
1160/* assumes that cf represents the rationals, i.e. Q, and will only
1161   be called in that case;
1162   assumes furthermore that f != NULL and that the denominator of f != 1;
1163   generally speaking, this method removes denominators in the rational
1164   coefficients of the numerator and denominator of 'a';
1165   more concretely, the following normalizations will be performed,
1166   where t^alpha denotes a monomial in the transcendental variables t_k
1167   (1) if 'a' is of the form
1168          (sum_alpha a_alpha/b_alpha * t^alpha)
1169          -------------------------------------
1170            (sum_beta c_beta/d_beta * t^beta)
1171       with integers a_alpha, b_alpha, c_beta, d_beta, then both the
1172       numerator and the denominator will be multiplied by the LCM of
1173       the b_alpha's and the d_beta's (if this LCM is != 1),
1174   (2) if 'a' is - e.g. after having performed step (1) - of the form
1175          (sum_alpha a_alpha * t^alpha)
1176          -----------------------------
1177            (sum_beta c_beta * t^beta)
1178       with integers a_alpha, c_beta, and with a non-constant denominator,
1179       then both the numerator and the denominator will be divided by the
1180       GCD of the a_alpha's and the c_beta's (if this GCD is != 1),
1181   this procedure does not alter COM(f) (this has to be done by the
1182   calling procedure);
1183   modifies f */
1184void handleNestedFractionsOverQ(fraction f, const coeffs cf)
1185{
1186  assume(nCoeff_is_Q(ntCoeffs));
1187  assume(!IS0(f));
1188  assume(!DENIS1(f));
1189
1190  { /* step (1); see documentation of this procedure above */
1191    number lcmOfDenominators = n_Init(1, ntCoeffs);
1192    number c; number tmp;
1193    poly p = NUM(f);
1194    /* careful when using n_NormalizeHelper!!! It computes the lcm of the numerator
1195       of the 1st argument and the denominator of the 2nd!!! */
1196    while (p != NULL)
1197    {
1198      c = p_GetCoeff(p, ntRing);
1199      tmp = n_NormalizeHelper(lcmOfDenominators, c, ntCoeffs);
1200      n_Delete(&lcmOfDenominators, ntCoeffs);
1201      lcmOfDenominators = tmp;
1202      pIter(p);
1203    }
1204    p = DEN(f);
1205    while (p != NULL)
1206    {
1207      c = p_GetCoeff(p, ntRing);
1208      tmp = n_NormalizeHelper(lcmOfDenominators, c, ntCoeffs);
1209      n_Delete(&lcmOfDenominators, ntCoeffs);
1210      lcmOfDenominators = tmp;
1211      pIter(p);
1212    }
1213    if (!n_IsOne(lcmOfDenominators, ntCoeffs))
1214    { /* multiply NUM(f) and DEN(f) with lcmOfDenominators */
1215      NUM(f) = p_Mult_nn(NUM(f), lcmOfDenominators, ntRing);
1216      p_Normalize(NUM(f), ntRing);
1217      DEN(f) = p_Mult_nn(DEN(f), lcmOfDenominators, ntRing);
1218      p_Normalize(DEN(f), ntRing);
1219    }
1220    n_Delete(&lcmOfDenominators, ntCoeffs);
1221    if (DEN(f)!=NULL)
1222    { /* step (2); see documentation of this procedure above */
1223      p = NUM(f);
1224      number gcdOfCoefficients = n_Copy(p_GetCoeff(p, ntRing), ntCoeffs);
1225      pIter(p);
1226      while ((p != NULL) && (!n_IsOne(gcdOfCoefficients, ntCoeffs)))
1227      {
1228        c = p_GetCoeff(p, ntRing);
1229        tmp = n_Gcd(c, gcdOfCoefficients, ntCoeffs);
1230        n_Delete(&gcdOfCoefficients, ntCoeffs);
1231        gcdOfCoefficients = tmp;
1232        pIter(p);
1233      }
1234      p = DEN(f);
1235      while ((p != NULL) && (!n_IsOne(gcdOfCoefficients, ntCoeffs)))
1236      {
1237        c = p_GetCoeff(p, ntRing);
1238        tmp = n_Gcd(c, gcdOfCoefficients, ntCoeffs);
1239        n_Delete(&gcdOfCoefficients, ntCoeffs);
1240        gcdOfCoefficients = tmp;
1241        pIter(p);
1242      }
1243      if (!n_IsOne(gcdOfCoefficients, ntCoeffs))
1244      { /* divide NUM(f) and DEN(f) by gcdOfCoefficients */
1245        number inverseOfGcdOfCoefficients = n_Invers(gcdOfCoefficients,
1246                                                     ntCoeffs);
1247        NUM(f) = p_Mult_nn(NUM(f), inverseOfGcdOfCoefficients, ntRing);
1248        p_Normalize(NUM(f), ntRing);
1249        DEN(f) = p_Mult_nn(DEN(f), inverseOfGcdOfCoefficients, ntRing);
1250        p_Normalize(DEN(f), ntRing);
1251        n_Delete(&inverseOfGcdOfCoefficients, ntCoeffs);
1252      }
1253      n_Delete(&gcdOfCoefficients, ntCoeffs);
1254    }
1255  }
1256
1257  /* Now, due to the above computations, DEN(f) may have become the
1258     1-polynomial which needs to be represented by NULL: */
1259  if ((DEN(f) != NULL) &&
1260      p_IsConstant(DEN(f), ntRing) &&
1261      n_IsOne(p_GetCoeff(DEN(f), ntRing), ntCoeffs))
1262  {
1263    p_Delete(&DEN(f), ntRing); DEN(f) = NULL;
1264  }
1265
1266  if( DEN(f) != NULL )
1267    if( !n_GreaterZero(pGetCoeff(DEN(f)), ntCoeffs) )
1268    {
1269      NUM(f) = p_Neg(NUM(f), ntRing);
1270      DEN(f) = p_Neg(DEN(f), ntRing);
1271    }
1272
1273  ntTest((number)f); // TODO!
1274}
1275
1276/* modifies a */
1277/* this is an intermediate simplification routine - not a comple "normalize" */
1278void heuristicGcdCancellation(number a, const coeffs cf)
1279{
1280  if (IS0(a)) return;
1281
1282  fraction f = (fraction)a;
1283  p_Normalize(NUM(f),ntRing);
1284  if (DENIS1(f) || NUMIS1(f)) { COM(f) = 0; return; }
1285
1286  assume( DEN(f) != NULL );
1287  p_Normalize(DEN(f),ntRing);
1288
1289  /* check whether NUM(f) = DEN(f), and - if so - replace 'a' by 1 */
1290  if (p_EqualPolys(NUM(f), DEN(f), ntRing))
1291  { /* numerator and denominator are both != 1 */
1292    p_Delete(&NUM(f), ntRing); NUM(f) = p_ISet(1, ntRing);
1293    p_Delete(&DEN(f), ntRing); DEN(f) = NULL;
1294    COM(f) = 0;
1295  }
1296  else
1297  {
1298    if (COM(f) > BOUND_COMPLEXITY)
1299      definiteGcdCancellation(a, cf, TRUE);
1300
1301    // TODO: check if it is enough to put the following into definiteGcdCancellation?!
1302    if( DEN(f) != NULL )
1303    {
1304      if( !n_GreaterZero(pGetCoeff(DEN(f)), ntCoeffs) )
1305      {
1306        NUM(f) = p_Neg(NUM(f), ntRing);
1307        DEN(f) = p_Neg(DEN(f), ntRing);
1308      }
1309      if (ntCoeffs->has_simple_Inverse)
1310      {
1311        if (!n_IsOne(pGetCoeff(DEN(f)),ntCoeffs))
1312        {
1313          number inv=n_Invers(pGetCoeff(DEN(f)),ntCoeffs);
1314          DEN(f)=p_Mult_nn(DEN(f),inv,ntRing);
1315          NUM(f)=p_Mult_nn(NUM(f),inv,ntRing);
1316        }
1317        if(p_LmIsConstant(DEN(f),ntRing))
1318        {
1319          p_Delete(&DEN(f),ntRing);
1320          COM(f)=0;
1321        }
1322      }
1323      if ((DEN(f)!=NULL)
1324      && (pNext(DEN(f))==NULL))
1325      {
1326        poly den_f=DEN(f);
1327        poly h=NUM(f);
1328        loop
1329        {
1330          if (h==NULL)
1331          {
1332            h=NUM(f);
1333            do
1334            {
1335              p_ExpVectorDiff(h,h,den_f,ntRing);
1336              pIter(h);
1337            } while(h!=NULL);
1338            p_ExpVectorDiff(den_f,den_f,den_f,ntRing);
1339            break;
1340          }
1341          int i=0;
1342          do
1343          {
1344            i++;
1345            if (p_GetExp(den_f,i,ntRing) > p_GetExp(h,i,ntRing)) return;
1346          } while(i<ntRing->N);
1347          pIter(h);
1348        }
1349      }
1350    }
1351  }
1352  if ((DEN(f)!=NULL)
1353  && (pNext(DEN(f))==NULL)
1354  && (p_LmIsConstantComp(DEN(f),ntRing))
1355  && (n_IsOne(pGetCoeff(DEN(f)),ntCoeffs)))
1356  {
1357     p_Delete(&DEN(f),ntRing);
1358     COM(f)=0;
1359  }
1360}
1361
1362/// modifies a
1363void definiteGcdCancellation(number a, const coeffs cf,
1364                             BOOLEAN simpleTestsHaveAlreadyBeenPerformed)
1365{
1366//  ntTest(a); // !!!!
1367
1368  fraction f = (fraction)a;
1369
1370  if (IS0(a)) return;
1371  if (DENIS1(f) || NUMIS1(f)) { COM(f) = 0; ntTest(a); return; }
1372  if (!simpleTestsHaveAlreadyBeenPerformed)
1373  {
1374
1375    /* check whether NUM(f) = DEN(f), and - if so - replace 'a' by 1 */
1376    if (p_EqualPolys(NUM(f), DEN(f), ntRing))
1377    { /* numerator and denominator are both != 1 */
1378      p_Delete(&NUM(f), ntRing); NUM(f) = p_ISet(1, ntRing);
1379      p_Delete(&DEN(f), ntRing); DEN(f) = NULL;
1380      COM(f) = 0;
1381      ntTest(a);
1382      return;
1383    }
1384  }
1385  /*if (rField_is_Q(ntRing))
1386  {
1387    number c=n_Copy(pGetCoeff(NUM(f)),ntCoeffs);
1388    poly p=pNext(NUM(f));
1389    while((p!=NULL)&&(!n_IsOne(c,ntCoeffs)))
1390    {
1391      number cc=n_Gcd(c,pGetCoeff(p),ntCoeffs);
1392      n_Delete(&c,ntCoeffs);
1393      c=cc;
1394      pIter(p);
1395    };
1396    p=DEN(f);
1397    while((p!=NULL)&&(!n_IsOne(c,ntCoeffs)))
1398    {
1399      number cc=n_Gcd(c,pGetCoeff(p),ntCoeffs);
1400      n_Delete(&c,ntCoeffs);
1401      c=cc;
1402      pIter(p);
1403    };
1404    if(!n_IsOne(c,ntCoeffs))
1405    {
1406      p=NUM(f);
1407      do
1408      {
1409        number cc=n_Div(pGetCoeff(p),c,ntCoeffs);
1410        n_Normalize(cc,ntCoeffs);
1411        p_SetCoeff(p,cc,ntRing);
1412        pIter(p);
1413      } while(p!=NULL);
1414      p=DEN(f);
1415      do
1416      {
1417        number cc=n_Div(pGetCoeff(p),c,ntCoeffs);
1418        n_Normalize(cc,ntCoeffs);
1419        p_SetCoeff(p,cc,ntRing);
1420        pIter(p);
1421      } while(p!=NULL);
1422      n_Delete(&c,ntCoeffs);
1423      if(pNext(DEN(f))==NULL)
1424      {
1425        if (p_IsOne(DEN(f),ntRing))
1426        {
1427          p_LmDelete(&DEN(f),ntRing);
1428          COM(f)=0;
1429          return;
1430        }
1431        else
1432        {
1433          return;
1434        }
1435      }
1436    }
1437  }*/
1438
1439  /* here we assume: NUM(f), DEN(f) !=NULL, in Z_a reqp. Z/p_a */
1440  poly pGcd = singclap_gcd_and_divide(NUM(f), DEN(f), ntRing);
1441  //PrintS("gcd= ");p_wrp(pGcd,ntRing);PrintLn();
1442  if (p_IsConstant(pGcd, ntRing)
1443  && n_IsOne(p_GetCoeff(pGcd, ntRing), ntCoeffs)
1444  )
1445  { /* gcd = 1; nothing to cancel;
1446       Suppose the given rational function field is over Q. Although the
1447       gcd is 1, we may have produced fractional coefficients in NUM(f),
1448       DEN(f), or both, due to previous arithmetics. The next call will
1449       remove those nested fractions, in case there are any. */
1450    if (nCoeff_is_Zp(ntCoeffs))
1451    {
1452      NUM (f) = p_Div_nn (NUM (f), p_GetCoeff (DEN(f),ntRing), ntRing);
1453      if (p_IsConstant (DEN (f), ntRing))
1454      {
1455        p_Delete(&DEN (f), ntRing);
1456        DEN (f) = NULL;
1457      }
1458      else
1459      {
1460        p_Norm (DEN (f),ntRing);
1461      }
1462    } else if (nCoeff_is_Q(ntCoeffs)) handleNestedFractionsOverQ(f, cf);
1463  }
1464  else
1465  { /* We divide both NUM(f) and DEN(f) by the gcd which is known
1466       to be != 1. */
1467    if (p_IsConstant(DEN(f), ntRing) &&
1468      n_IsOne(p_GetCoeff(DEN(f), ntRing), ntCoeffs))
1469    {
1470      /* DEN(f) = 1 needs to be represented by NULL! */
1471      p_Delete(&DEN(f), ntRing);
1472      DEN(f) = NULL;
1473    }
1474    else
1475    {
1476      if (nCoeff_is_Zp(ntCoeffs))
1477      {
1478        NUM (f) = p_Div_nn (NUM (f), p_GetCoeff (DEN(f),ntRing), ntRing);
1479        if (p_IsConstant (DEN (f), ntRing))
1480        {
1481          p_Delete(&DEN (f), ntRing);
1482          DEN (f) = NULL;
1483        }
1484        else
1485        {
1486          p_Norm (DEN (f),ntRing);
1487        }
1488      }
1489    }
1490  }
1491  p_Delete(&pGcd, ntRing);
1492  COM(f) = 0;
1493
1494  if( DEN(f) != NULL )
1495  {
1496    if( !n_GreaterZero(pGetCoeff(DEN(f)), ntCoeffs) )
1497    {
1498      NUM(f) = p_Neg(NUM(f), ntRing);
1499      DEN(f) = p_Neg(DEN(f), ntRing);
1500      if (p_IsConstant(DEN(f), ntRing) &&
1501        n_IsOne(p_GetCoeff(DEN(f), ntRing), ntCoeffs))
1502      {
1503        /* DEN(f) = 1 needs to be represented by NULL! */
1504        p_Delete(&DEN(f), ntRing);
1505        DEN (f) = NULL;
1506      }
1507    }
1508  }
1509  ntTest(a); // !!!!
1510}
1511
1512void ntWriteLong(number a, const coeffs cf)
1513{
1514  ntTest(a);
1515  if (IS0(a))
1516    StringAppendS("0");
1517  else
1518  {
1519    fraction f = (fraction)a;
1520    // stole logic from napWrite from kernel/longtrans.cc of legacy singular
1521    BOOLEAN omitBrackets = p_IsConstant(NUM(f), ntRing);
1522    if (!omitBrackets) StringAppendS("(");
1523    p_String0Long(NUM(f), ntRing, ntRing);
1524    if (!omitBrackets) StringAppendS(")");
1525    if (!DENIS1(f))
1526    {
1527      StringAppendS("/");
1528      omitBrackets = p_IsConstant(DEN(f), ntRing);
1529      if (!omitBrackets) StringAppendS("(");
1530      p_String0Long(DEN(f), ntRing, ntRing);
1531      if (!omitBrackets) StringAppendS(")");
1532    }
1533  }
1534  ntTest(a); // !!!!
1535}
1536
1537void ntWriteShort(number a, const coeffs cf)
1538{
1539  ntTest(a);
1540  if (IS0(a))
1541    StringAppendS("0");
1542  else
1543  {
1544    fraction f = (fraction)a;
1545    // stole logic from napWrite from kernel/longtrans.cc of legacy singular
1546    BOOLEAN omitBrackets = p_IsConstant(NUM(f), ntRing);
1547    if (!omitBrackets) StringAppendS("(");
1548    p_String0Short(NUM(f), ntRing, ntRing);
1549    if (!omitBrackets) StringAppendS(")");
1550    if (!DENIS1(f))
1551    {
1552      StringAppendS("/");
1553      omitBrackets = p_IsConstant(DEN(f), ntRing);
1554      if (!omitBrackets) StringAppendS("(");
1555      p_String0Short(DEN(f), ntRing, ntRing);
1556      if (!omitBrackets) StringAppendS(")");
1557    }
1558  }
1559  ntTest(a);
1560}
1561
1562const char * ntRead(const char *s, number *a, const coeffs cf)
1563{
1564  poly p;
1565  const char * result = p_Read(s, p, ntRing);
1566  if (p == NULL) *a = NULL;
1567  else *a = ntInit(p, cf);
1568  ntTest(*a);
1569  return result;
1570}
1571
1572void ntNormalize (number &a, const coeffs cf)
1573{
1574  if ( /*(*/ a!=NULL /*)*/ )
1575  {
1576    //PrintS("num=");p_wrp(NUM(a),ntRing);
1577    //PrintS(" den=");p_wrp(DEN(a),ntRing);PrintLn();
1578    definiteGcdCancellation(a, cf, FALSE);
1579    if ((DEN((fraction)a)!=NULL)
1580    &&(!n_GreaterZero(pGetCoeff(DEN((fraction)a)),ntCoeffs)))
1581    {
1582      NUM((fraction)a)=p_Neg(NUM((fraction)a),ntRing);
1583      DEN((fraction)a)=p_Neg(DEN((fraction)a),ntRing);
1584    }
1585  }
1586  ntNormalizeDen((fraction)a,ntRing);
1587  ntTest(a); // !!!!
1588}
1589
1590/* expects *param to be castable to TransExtInfo */
1591static BOOLEAN ntCoeffIsEqual(const coeffs cf, n_coeffType n, void * param)
1592{
1593  if (n_transExt != n) return FALSE;
1594  TransExtInfo *e = (TransExtInfo *)param;
1595  /* for rational function fields we expect the underlying
1596     polynomial rings to be IDENTICAL, i.e. the SAME OBJECT;
1597     this expectation is based on the assumption that we have properly
1598     registered cf and perform reference counting rather than creating
1599     multiple copies of the same coefficient field/domain/ring */
1600  if (ntRing == e->r)
1601    return TRUE;
1602
1603  // NOTE: Q(a)[x] && Q(a)[y] should better share the _same_ Q(a)...
1604  if( rEqual(ntRing, e->r, TRUE) )
1605  {
1606    rDelete(e->r);
1607    return TRUE;
1608  }
1609
1610  return FALSE;
1611}
1612
1613number ntNormalizeHelper(number a, number b, const coeffs cf)
1614{
1615  ntTest(a);
1616  ntTest(b);
1617  fraction fb = (fraction)b;
1618  if ((b==NULL)||(DEN(fb)==NULL)) return ntCopy(a,cf);
1619  fraction fa = (fraction)a;
1620  /* singclap_gcd destroys its arguments; we hence need copies: */
1621  poly pa = p_Copy(NUM(fa), ntRing);
1622  poly pb = p_Copy(DEN(fb), ntRing);
1623
1624  poly pGcd;
1625  if (nCoeff_is_Q(ntCoeffs))
1626  {
1627    if (p_IsConstant(pa,ntRing) && p_IsConstant(pb,ntRing))
1628    {
1629      pGcd = pa;
1630      p_SetCoeff (pGcd, n_Gcd (pGetCoeff(pGcd), pGetCoeff(pb), ntCoeffs), ntRing);
1631    }
1632    else
1633    {
1634      number contentpa, contentpb, tmp;
1635
1636      contentpb= p_GetCoeff(pb, ntRing);
1637      pIter(pb);
1638      while (pb != NULL)
1639      {
1640        tmp = n_SubringGcd(contentpb, p_GetCoeff(pb, ntRing) , ntCoeffs);
1641        n_Delete(&contentpb, ntCoeffs);
1642        contentpb = tmp;
1643        pIter(pb);
1644      }
1645
1646      contentpa= p_GetCoeff(pa, ntRing);
1647      pIter(pa);
1648      while (pa != NULL)
1649      {
1650        tmp = n_SubringGcd(contentpa, p_GetCoeff(pa, ntRing), ntCoeffs);
1651        n_Delete(&contentpa, ntCoeffs);
1652        contentpa = tmp;
1653        pIter(pa);
1654      }
1655
1656      tmp= n_SubringGcd (contentpb, contentpa, ntCoeffs);
1657      n_Delete(&contentpa, ntCoeffs);
1658      n_Delete(&contentpb, ntCoeffs);
1659      contentpa= tmp;
1660      p_Delete(&pb, ntRing);
1661      p_Delete(&pa, ntRing);
1662
1663      /* singclap_gcd destroys its arguments; we hence need copies: */
1664      pGcd = singclap_gcd(p_Copy(NUM(fa),ntRing), p_Copy(DEN(fb),ntRing), ntRing);
1665      pGcd= p_Mult_nn (pGcd, contentpa, ntRing);
1666      n_Delete(&contentpa, ntCoeffs);
1667    }
1668  }
1669  else
1670    pGcd = singclap_gcd(pa, pb, cf->extRing);
1671
1672  /* Note that, over Q, singclap_gcd will remove the denominators in all
1673     rational coefficients of pa and pb, before starting to compute
1674     the gcd. Thus, we do not need to ensure that the coefficients of
1675     pa and pb live in Z; they may well be elements of Q\Z. */
1676
1677  if (p_IsConstant(pGcd, ntRing) &&
1678      n_IsOne(p_GetCoeff(pGcd, ntRing), ntCoeffs))
1679  { /* gcd = 1; return pa*pb*/
1680    p_Delete(&pGcd,ntRing);
1681    fraction result = (fraction)omAlloc0Bin(fractionObjectBin);
1682    NUM(result) = pp_Mult_qq(NUM(fa),DEN(fb),ntRing);
1683
1684    ntTest((number)result); // !!!!
1685
1686    return (number)result;
1687  }
1688
1689
1690  /* return pa*pb/gcd */
1691    poly newNum = singclap_pdivide(NUM(fa), pGcd, ntRing);
1692    p_Delete(&pGcd,ntRing);
1693    fraction result = (fraction)omAlloc0Bin(fractionObjectBin);
1694    NUM(result) = p_Mult_q(p_Copy(DEN(fb),ntRing),newNum,ntRing);
1695    ntTest((number)result); // !!!!
1696    return (number)result;
1697
1698    return NULL;
1699}
1700
1701number ntGcd(number a, number b, const coeffs cf)
1702{
1703  ntTest(a);
1704  ntTest(b);
1705  if (a==NULL) return ntCopy(b,cf);
1706  if (b==NULL) return ntCopy(a,cf);
1707  fraction fa = (fraction)a;
1708  fraction fb = (fraction)b;
1709
1710  poly pa = p_Copy(NUM(fa), ntRing);
1711  poly pb = p_Copy(NUM(fb), ntRing);
1712
1713  poly pGcd;
1714  if (nCoeff_is_Q(ntCoeffs))
1715  {
1716    if (p_IsConstant(pa,ntRing) && p_IsConstant(pb,ntRing))
1717    {
1718      pGcd = pa;
1719      p_SetCoeff (pGcd, n_SubringGcd (pGetCoeff(pGcd), pGetCoeff(pb), ntCoeffs), ntRing);
1720    }
1721    else
1722    {
1723      number contentpa, contentpb, tmp;
1724
1725      contentpb= p_GetCoeff(pb, ntRing);
1726      pIter(pb);
1727      while (pb != NULL)
1728      {
1729        tmp = n_SubringGcd(contentpb, p_GetCoeff(pb, ntRing) , ntCoeffs);
1730        n_Delete(&contentpb, ntCoeffs);
1731        contentpb = tmp;
1732        pIter(pb);
1733      }
1734
1735      contentpa= p_GetCoeff(pa, ntRing);
1736      pIter(pa);
1737      while (pa != NULL)
1738      {
1739        tmp = n_SubringGcd(contentpa, p_GetCoeff(pa, ntRing), ntCoeffs);
1740        n_Delete(&contentpa, ntCoeffs);
1741        contentpa = tmp;
1742        pIter(pa);
1743      }
1744
1745      tmp= n_SubringGcd (contentpb, contentpa, ntCoeffs);
1746      n_Delete(&contentpa, ntCoeffs);
1747      n_Delete(&contentpb, ntCoeffs);
1748      contentpa= tmp;
1749      p_Delete(&pb, ntRing);
1750      p_Delete(&pa, ntRing);
1751
1752      /* singclap_gcd destroys its arguments; we hence need copies: */
1753      pGcd = singclap_gcd(p_Copy(NUM(fa),ntRing), p_Copy(NUM(fb),ntRing), ntRing);
1754      pGcd= p_Mult_nn (pGcd, contentpa, ntRing);
1755      n_Delete(&contentpa, ntCoeffs);
1756    }
1757  }
1758  else
1759    pGcd = singclap_gcd(pa, pb, cf->extRing);
1760  /* Note that, over Q, singclap_gcd will remove the denominators in all
1761     rational coefficients of pa and pb, before starting to compute
1762     the gcd. Thus, we do not need to ensure that the coefficients of
1763     pa and pb live in Z; they may well be elements of Q\Z. */
1764
1765  fraction result = (fraction)omAlloc0Bin(fractionObjectBin);
1766  NUM(result) = pGcd;
1767  ntTest((number)result); // !!!!
1768  return (number)result;
1769}
1770//number ntGcd_dummy(number a, number b, const coeffs cf)
1771//{
1772//  extern char my_yylinebuf[80];
1773//  Print("ntGcd in >>%s<<\n",my_yylinebuf);
1774//  return ntGcd(a,b,cf);
1775//}
1776
1777int ntSize(number a, const coeffs cf)
1778{
1779  ntTest(a);
1780  if (IS0(a)) return -1;
1781  /* this has been taken from the old implementation of field extensions,
1782     where we computed the sum of the degrees and the numbers of terms in
1783     the numerator and denominator of a; so we leave it at that, for the
1784     time being */
1785  fraction f = (fraction)a;
1786  poly p = NUM(f);
1787  int noOfTerms = 0;
1788  int numDegree = 0;
1789  if (p!=NULL)
1790  {
1791    numDegree = p_Totaldegree(p,ntRing);
1792    noOfTerms = pLength(p);
1793  }
1794  int denDegree = 0;
1795  if (!DENIS1(f))
1796  {
1797    denDegree =  p_Totaldegree(DEN(f),ntRing);
1798    noOfTerms += pLength(DEN(f));
1799  }
1800  ntTest(a); // !!!!
1801  return numDegree + denDegree + noOfTerms;
1802}
1803
1804number ntInvers(number a, const coeffs cf)
1805{
1806  //check_N(a,cf);
1807  ntTest(a);
1808  if (IS0(a))
1809  {
1810    WerrorS(nDivBy0);
1811    return NULL;
1812  }
1813  fraction f = (fraction)a;
1814  assume( f != NULL );
1815
1816  fraction result = (fraction)omAlloc0Bin(fractionObjectBin);
1817
1818  assume( NUM(f) != NULL );
1819  const poly den = DEN(f);
1820
1821  if (den == NULL)
1822    NUM(result) = p_One(ntRing);
1823  else
1824    NUM(result) = p_Copy(den, ntRing);
1825
1826  if( !NUMIS1(f) )
1827  {
1828    poly num_f=NUM(f);
1829    BOOLEAN neg= !n_GreaterZero(pGetCoeff(num_f),ntCoeffs);
1830    if (neg)
1831    {
1832      num_f=p_Neg(p_Copy(num_f, ntRing), ntRing);
1833      NUM(result)=p_Neg(NUM(result), ntRing);
1834    }
1835    else
1836    {
1837      num_f=p_Copy(num_f, ntRing);
1838    }
1839    DEN(result) = num_f;
1840    COM(result) = COM(f);
1841    if (neg)
1842    {
1843      if (p_IsOne(num_f, ntRing))
1844      {
1845        DEN(result)=NULL;
1846        //COM(result) = 0;
1847        p_Delete(&num_f,ntRing);
1848      }
1849    }
1850  }
1851  //else// Alloc0
1852  //{
1853  //  DEN(result) = NULL;
1854  //  COM(result) = 0;
1855  //}
1856  ntNormalizeDen(result,ntRing);
1857  ntTest((number)result); // !!!!
1858  //check_N((number)result,cf);
1859  return (number)result;
1860}
1861
1862/* assumes that src = Q or Z, dst = Q(t_1, ..., t_s) */
1863number ntMap00(number a, const coeffs src, const coeffs dst)
1864{
1865  n_Test(a, src);
1866
1867  if (n_IsZero(a, src)) return NULL;
1868  assume(src->rep == dst->extRing->cf->rep);
1869  if ((SR_HDL(a) & SR_INT) || (a->s==3))
1870  {
1871    number res=ntInit(p_NSet(n_Copy(a, src), dst->extRing), dst);
1872    n_Test(res, dst);
1873    return res;
1874  }
1875  number nn=n_GetDenom(a,src);
1876  number zz=n_GetNumerator(a,src);
1877  number res=ntInit(p_NSet(zz,dst->extRing), dst);
1878  fraction ff=(fraction)res;
1879  if (n_IsOne(nn,src)) DEN(ff)=NULL;
1880  else                 DEN(ff)=p_NSet(nn,dst->extRing);
1881
1882  n_Test((number)ff,dst);
1883  //check_N((number)ff,dst);
1884  return (number)ff;
1885}
1886
1887number ntMapZ0(number a, const coeffs src, const coeffs dst)
1888{
1889  n_Test(a, src);
1890  if (n_IsZero(a, src)) return NULL;
1891  nMapFunc nMap=n_SetMap(src,dst->extRing->cf);
1892  poly p=p_NSet(nMap(a, src,dst->extRing->cf), dst->extRing);
1893  if (n_IsZero(pGetCoeff(p),dst->extRing->cf))
1894    p_Delete(&p,dst->extRing);
1895  number res=ntInit(p, dst);
1896  n_Test(res,dst);
1897  return res;
1898}
1899
1900/* assumes that src = Z/p, dst = Q(t_1, ..., t_s) */
1901number ntMapP0(number a, const coeffs src, const coeffs dst)
1902{
1903  n_Test(a, src);
1904  if (n_IsZero(a, src)) return NULL;
1905  /* mapping via intermediate int: */
1906  int n = n_Int(a, src);
1907  number q = n_Init(n, dst->extRing->cf);
1908  if (n_IsZero(q, dst->extRing->cf))
1909  {
1910    n_Delete(&q, dst->extRing->cf);
1911    return NULL;
1912  }
1913  return ntInit(p_NSet(q, dst->extRing), dst);
1914}
1915
1916 /* assumes that either src = K(t_1, ..., t_s), dst = K(t_1, ..., t_s) */
1917number ntCopyMap(number a, const coeffs cf, const coeffs dst)
1918{
1919  ntTest(a);
1920  if (IS0(a)) return NULL;
1921
1922  const ring rSrc = cf->extRing;
1923  const ring rDst = dst->extRing;
1924
1925  if( rSrc == rDst )
1926    return ntCopy(a, dst); // USUALLY WRONG!
1927
1928  fraction f = (fraction)a;
1929  poly g = prCopyR(NUM(f), rSrc, rDst);
1930
1931  poly h = NULL;
1932
1933  if (!DENIS1(f))
1934     h = prCopyR(DEN(f), rSrc, rDst);
1935
1936  fraction result = (fraction)omAllocBin(fractionObjectBin);
1937
1938  NUM(result) = g;
1939  DEN(result) = h;
1940  COM(result) = COM(f);
1941  //check_N((number)result,dst);
1942  n_Test((number)result, dst);
1943  return (number)result;
1944}
1945
1946number ntGenMap(number a, const coeffs cf, const coeffs dst)
1947{
1948  ntTest(a);
1949  if (IS0(a)) return NULL;
1950
1951  const ring rSrc = cf->extRing;
1952  const ring rDst = dst->extRing;
1953
1954  const nMapFunc nMap=n_SetMap(rSrc->cf,rDst->cf);
1955  fraction f = (fraction)a;
1956  poly g = prMapR(NUM(f), nMap, rSrc, rDst);
1957  /* g may contain summands with coeff 0 */
1958  poly hh=g;
1959  poly prev=NULL;
1960  while(hh!=NULL)
1961  {
1962    if (n_IsZero(pGetCoeff(hh),rDst->cf))
1963    {
1964      if (prev==NULL)
1965      {
1966        g=p_LmFreeAndNext(g,rDst);
1967        hh=g;
1968      }
1969      else
1970      {
1971        prev->next=p_LmFreeAndNext(prev->next,rDst);
1972        hh=prev->next;
1973      }
1974    }
1975    else
1976    {
1977      prev=hh;
1978      pIter(hh);
1979    }
1980  }
1981  if (g==NULL) return NULL;
1982
1983  poly h = NULL;
1984
1985  if (!DENIS1(f))
1986  {
1987     h = prMapR(DEN(f), nMap, rSrc, rDst);
1988     /* h may contain summands with coeff 0 */
1989    hh=h;
1990    prev=NULL;
1991    while(hh!=NULL)
1992    {
1993      if (n_IsZero(pGetCoeff(hh),rDst->cf))
1994      {
1995        if (prev==NULL)
1996        {
1997          h=p_LmFreeAndNext(h,rDst);
1998          hh=h;
1999        }
2000        else
2001        {
2002          prev->next=p_LmFreeAndNext(prev->next,rDst);
2003          hh=prev->next;
2004        }
2005      }
2006      else
2007      {
2008        prev=hh;
2009        pIter(hh);
2010      }
2011    }
2012    if (h==NULL) WerrorS("mapping to */0");
2013  }
2014
2015  fraction result = (fraction)omAllocBin(fractionObjectBin);
2016
2017  NUM(result) = g;
2018  DEN(result) = h;
2019  COM(result) = COM(f);
2020  //check_N((number)result,dst);
2021  n_Test((number)result, dst);
2022  return (number)result;
2023}
2024
2025number ntCopyAlg(number a, const coeffs cf, const coeffs dst)
2026{
2027  n_Test(a, cf) ;
2028  if (n_IsZero(a, cf)) return NULL;
2029  return ntInit(prCopyR((poly)a, cf->extRing, dst->extRing),dst);
2030}
2031
2032number ntGenAlg(number a, const coeffs cf, const coeffs dst)
2033{
2034  n_Test(a, cf) ;
2035  if (n_IsZero(a, cf)) return NULL;
2036
2037  const nMapFunc nMap=n_SetMap(cf->extRing->cf,dst->extRing->cf);
2038  return ntInit(prMapR((poly)a, nMap, cf->extRing, dst->extRing),dst);
2039}
2040
2041/* assumes that src = Q, dst = Z/p(t_1, ..., t_s) */
2042number ntMap0P(number a, const coeffs src, const coeffs dst)
2043{
2044  n_Test(a, src) ;
2045  if (n_IsZero(a, src)) return NULL;
2046  // int p = rChar(dst->extRing);
2047
2048  number q = nlModP(a, src, dst->extRing->cf); // FIXME? TODO? // extern number nlModP(number q, const coeffs Q, const coeffs Zp); // Map q \in QQ \to Zp
2049
2050  if (n_IsZero(q, dst->extRing->cf))
2051  {
2052    n_Delete(&q, dst->extRing->cf);
2053    return NULL;
2054  }
2055
2056  poly g = p_NSet(q, dst->extRing);
2057
2058  fraction f = (fraction)omAlloc0Bin(fractionObjectBin);
2059  NUM(f) = g; // DEN(f) = NULL; COM(f) = 0;
2060  n_Test((number)f, dst);
2061  //check_N((number)f,dst);
2062  return (number)f;
2063}
2064
2065/* assumes that src = Z/p, dst = Z/p(t_1, ..., t_s) */
2066number ntMapPP(number a, const coeffs src, const coeffs dst)
2067{
2068  n_Test(a, src) ;
2069  if (n_IsZero(a, src)) return NULL;
2070  assume(src == dst->extRing->cf);
2071  poly p = p_One(dst->extRing);
2072  p_SetCoeff(p, n_Copy(a, src), dst->extRing);
2073  fraction f = (fraction)omAlloc0Bin(fractionObjectBin);
2074  NUM(f) = p; // DEN(f) = NULL; COM(f) = 0;
2075  n_Test((number)f, dst);
2076  //check_N((number)f,dst);
2077  return (number)f;
2078}
2079
2080/* assumes that src = Z/u, dst = Z/p(t_1, ..., t_s), where u != p */
2081number ntMapUP(number a, const coeffs src, const coeffs dst)
2082{
2083  n_Test(a, src) ;
2084  if (n_IsZero(a, src)) return NULL;
2085  /* mapping via intermediate int: */
2086  int n = n_Int(a, src);
2087  number q = n_Init(n, dst->extRing->cf);
2088  poly p;
2089  if (n_IsZero(q, dst->extRing->cf))
2090  {
2091    n_Delete(&q, dst->extRing->cf);
2092    return NULL;
2093  }
2094  p = p_One(dst->extRing);
2095  p_SetCoeff(p, q, dst->extRing);
2096  fraction f = (fraction)omAlloc0Bin(fractionObjectBin);
2097  NUM(f) = p; // DEN(f) = NULL; COM(f) = 0;
2098  n_Test((number)f, dst);
2099  //check_N((number)f,dst);
2100  return (number)f;
2101}
2102
2103nMapFunc ntSetMap(const coeffs src, const coeffs dst)
2104{
2105  /* dst is expected to be a rational function field */
2106  assume(getCoeffType(dst) == n_transExt);
2107
2108  if( src == dst ) return ndCopyMap;
2109
2110  int h = 0; /* the height of the extension tower given by dst */
2111  coeffs bDst = nCoeff_bottom(dst, h); /* the bottom field in the tower dst */
2112  coeffs bSrc = nCoeff_bottom(src, h); /* the bottom field in the tower src */
2113
2114  /* for the time being, we only provide maps if h = 1 and if b is Q or
2115     some field Z/pZ: */
2116  if (h==0)
2117  {
2118    if ((src->rep==n_rep_gap_rat) && nCoeff_is_Q(bDst))
2119      return ntMap00;                                 /// Q or Z   -->  Q(T)
2120    if (src->rep==n_rep_gap_gmp)
2121      return ntMapZ0;                                 /// Z   -->  K(T)
2122    if (nCoeff_is_Zp(src) && nCoeff_is_Q(bDst))
2123      return ntMapP0;                                 /// Z/p     -->  Q(T)
2124    if (nCoeff_is_Q_or_BI(src) && nCoeff_is_Zp(bDst))
2125      return ntMap0P;                                 /// Q       --> Z/p(T)
2126    if (nCoeff_is_Zp(src) && nCoeff_is_Zp(bDst))
2127    {
2128      if (src->ch == dst->ch) return ntMapPP;         /// Z/p     --> Z/p(T)
2129      else return ntMapUP;                            /// Z/u     --> Z/p(T)
2130    }
2131  }
2132  if (h != 1) return NULL;
2133  //if ((!nCoeff_is_Zp(bDst)) && (!nCoeff_is_Q(bDst))) return NULL;
2134
2135  /* Let T denote the sequence of transcendental extension variables, i.e.,
2136     K[t_1, ..., t_s] =: K[T];
2137     Let moreover, for any such sequence T, T' denote any subsequence of T
2138     of the form t_1, ..., t_w with w <= s. */
2139
2140  if (rVar(src->extRing) > rVar(dst->extRing))
2141     return NULL;
2142
2143  for (int i = 0; i < rVar(src->extRing); i++)
2144    if (strcmp(rRingVar(i, src->extRing), rRingVar(i, dst->extRing)) != 0)
2145       return NULL;
2146
2147  if (src->type==n_transExt)
2148  {
2149     if (src->extRing->cf==dst->extRing->cf)
2150       return ntCopyMap;          /// K(T')   --> K(T)
2151     else
2152       return ntGenMap;          /// K(T')   --> K'(T)
2153  }
2154  else
2155  {
2156     if (src->extRing->cf==dst->extRing->cf)
2157       return ntCopyAlg;          /// K(T')   --> K(T)
2158     else
2159       return ntGenAlg;          /// K(T')   --> K'(T)
2160  }
2161
2162  return NULL;                                 /// default
2163}
2164#if 0
2165nMapFunc ntSetMap_T(const coeffs src, const coeffs dst)
2166{
2167  nMapFunc n=ntSetMap(src,dst);
2168  if (n==ntCopyAlg) printf("n=ntCopyAlg\n");
2169  else if (n==ntCopyMap) printf("n=ntCopyMap\n");
2170  else if (n==ntMapUP) printf("n=ntMapUP\n");
2171  else if (n==ntMap0P) printf("n=ntMap0P\n");
2172  else if (n==ntMapP0) printf("n=ntMapP0\n");
2173  else if (n==ntMap00) printf("n=ntMap00\n");
2174  else if (n==NULL) printf("n=NULL\n");
2175  else printf("n=?\n");
2176  return n;
2177}
2178#endif
2179
2180void ntKillChar(coeffs cf)
2181{
2182  if ((--cf->extRing->ref) == 0)
2183    rDelete(cf->extRing);
2184}
2185number ntConvFactoryNSingN( const CanonicalForm n, const coeffs cf)
2186{
2187  if (n.isZero()) return NULL;
2188  poly p=convFactoryPSingP(n,ntRing);
2189  p_Normalize(p,ntRing);
2190  fraction result = (fraction)omAlloc0Bin(fractionObjectBin);
2191  NUM(result) = p;
2192  //DEN(result) = NULL; // done by omAlloc0Bin
2193  //COM(result) = 0; // done by omAlloc0Bin
2194  ntTest((number)result);
2195  return (number)result;
2196}
2197CanonicalForm ntConvSingNFactoryN( number n, BOOLEAN /*setChar*/, const coeffs cf )
2198{
2199  ntTest(n);
2200  if (IS0(n)) return CanonicalForm(0);
2201
2202  fraction f = (fraction)n;
2203  return convSingPFactoryP(NUM(f),ntRing);
2204}
2205
2206static int ntParDeg(number a, const coeffs cf)
2207{
2208  ntTest(a);
2209  if (IS0(a)) return -1;
2210  fraction fa = (fraction)a;
2211  return cf->extRing->pFDeg(NUM(fa),cf->extRing);
2212}
2213
2214/// return the specified parameter as a number in the given trans.ext.
2215static number ntParameter(const int iParameter, const coeffs cf)
2216{
2217  assume(getCoeffType(cf) == n_transExt);
2218
2219  const ring R = cf->extRing;
2220  assume( R != NULL );
2221  assume( 0 < iParameter && iParameter <= rVar(R) );
2222
2223  poly p = p_One(R); p_SetExp(p, iParameter, 1, R); p_Setm(p, R);
2224  p_Test(p,R);
2225
2226  fraction f = (fraction)omAlloc0Bin(fractionObjectBin);
2227  NUM(f) = p;
2228  //DEN(f) = NULL;
2229  //COM(f) = 0;
2230
2231  ntTest((number)f);
2232
2233  return (number)f;
2234}
2235
2236/// if m == var(i)/1 => return i,
2237int ntIsParam(number m, const coeffs cf)
2238{
2239  ntTest(m);
2240  assume(getCoeffType(cf) == n_transExt);
2241
2242  const ring R = cf->extRing;
2243  assume( R != NULL );
2244
2245  fraction f = (fraction)m;
2246
2247  if( DEN(f) != NULL )
2248    return 0;
2249
2250  return p_Var( NUM(f), R );
2251}
2252
2253struct NTNumConverter
2254{
2255  static inline poly convert(const number& n)
2256  {
2257    // suitable for trans. ext. numbers that are fractions of polys
2258    return NUM((fraction)n); // return the numerator
2259  }
2260};
2261
2262
2263static void ntClearContent(ICoeffsEnumerator& numberCollectionEnumerator, number& c, const coeffs cf)
2264{
2265  assume(cf != NULL);
2266  assume(getCoeffType(cf) == n_transExt);
2267  // all coeffs are given by fractions of polynomails over integers!!!
2268  // without denominators!!!
2269
2270  const ring   R = cf->extRing;
2271  assume(R != NULL);
2272  const coeffs Q = R->cf;
2273  assume(Q != NULL);
2274  assume(nCoeff_is_Q(Q));
2275
2276
2277  numberCollectionEnumerator.Reset();
2278
2279  if( !numberCollectionEnumerator.MoveNext() ) // empty zero polynomial?
2280  {
2281    c = ntInit(1, cf);
2282    return;
2283  }
2284
2285  // all coeffs are given by integers after returning from this routine
2286
2287  // part 1, collect product of all denominators /gcds
2288  poly cand = NULL;
2289
2290  do
2291  {
2292    number &n = numberCollectionEnumerator.Current();
2293
2294    ntNormalize(n, cf);
2295
2296    fraction f = (fraction)n;
2297
2298    assume( f != NULL );
2299
2300    const poly den = DEN(f);
2301
2302    assume( den == NULL ); // ?? / 1 ?
2303
2304    const poly num = NUM(f);
2305
2306    if( cand == NULL )
2307      cand = p_Copy(num, R);
2308    else
2309      cand = singclap_gcd(cand, p_Copy(num, R), R); // gcd(cand, num)
2310
2311    if( p_IsConstant(cand, R) )
2312      break;
2313  }
2314  while( numberCollectionEnumerator.MoveNext() ) ;
2315
2316
2317  // part2: all coeffs = all coeffs * cand
2318  if( cand != NULL )
2319  {
2320  if( !p_IsConstant(cand, R) )
2321  {
2322    c = ntInit(cand, cf);
2323    numberCollectionEnumerator.Reset();
2324    while (numberCollectionEnumerator.MoveNext() )
2325    {
2326      number &n = numberCollectionEnumerator.Current();
2327      const number t = ntDiv(n, c, cf); // TODO: rewrite!?
2328      ntDelete(&n, cf);
2329      n = t;
2330    }
2331  } // else NUM (result) = p_One(R);
2332  else { p_Delete(&cand, R); cand = NULL; }
2333  }
2334
2335  // Quick and dirty fix for constant content clearing: consider numerators???
2336  CRecursivePolyCoeffsEnumerator<NTNumConverter> itr(numberCollectionEnumerator); // recursively treat the NUM(numbers) as polys!
2337  number cc;
2338
2339  n_ClearContent(itr, cc, Q);
2340  number g = ntInit(p_NSet(cc, R), cf);
2341
2342  if( cand != NULL )
2343  {
2344    number gg = ntMult(g, c, cf);
2345    ntDelete(&g, cf);
2346    ntDelete(&c, cf); c = gg;
2347  } else
2348    c = g;
2349  ntTest(c);
2350}
2351
2352static void ntClearDenominators(ICoeffsEnumerator& numberCollectionEnumerator, number& c, const coeffs cf)
2353{
2354  assume(cf != NULL);
2355  assume(getCoeffType(cf) == n_transExt); // both over Q(a) and Zp(a)!
2356  // all coeffs are given by fractions of polynomails over integers!!!
2357
2358  numberCollectionEnumerator.Reset();
2359
2360  if( !numberCollectionEnumerator.MoveNext() ) // empty zero polynomial?
2361  {
2362    c = ntInit(1, cf);
2363    return;
2364  }
2365
2366  // all coeffs are given by integers after returning from this routine
2367
2368  // part 1, collect product of all denominators /gcds
2369  poly cand = NULL;
2370
2371  const ring R = cf->extRing;
2372  assume(R != NULL);
2373
2374  const coeffs Q = R->cf;
2375  assume(Q != NULL);
2376//  assume(nCoeff_is_Q(Q));
2377
2378  do
2379  {
2380    number &n = numberCollectionEnumerator.Current();
2381
2382    ntNormalize(n, cf);
2383
2384    fraction f = (fraction)ntGetDenom (n, cf);
2385
2386    assume( f != NULL );
2387
2388    const poly den = NUM(f);
2389
2390    if( den == NULL ) // ?? / 1 ?
2391      continue;
2392
2393    if( cand == NULL )
2394      cand = p_Copy(den, R);
2395    else
2396    {
2397      // cand === LCM( cand, den )!!!!
2398      // NOTE: maybe it's better to make the product and clearcontent afterwards!?
2399      // TODO: move the following to factory?
2400      poly gcd = singclap_gcd(p_Copy(cand, R), p_Copy(den, R), R); // gcd(cand, den) is monic no mater leading coeffs! :((((
2401      if (nCoeff_is_Q (Q))
2402      {
2403        number LcGcd= n_SubringGcd (p_GetCoeff (cand, R), p_GetCoeff(den, R), Q);
2404        gcd = p_Mult_nn(gcd, LcGcd, R);
2405        n_Delete(&LcGcd,Q);
2406      }
2407//      assume( n_IsOne(pGetCoeff(gcd), Q) ); // TODO: this may be wrong...
2408      cand = p_Mult_q(cand, p_Copy(den, R), R); // cand *= den
2409      const poly t = singclap_pdivide( cand, gcd, R ); // cand' * den / gcd(cand', den)
2410      p_Delete(&cand, R);
2411      p_Delete(&gcd, R);
2412      cand = t;
2413    }
2414  }
2415  while( numberCollectionEnumerator.MoveNext() );
2416
2417  if( cand == NULL )
2418  {
2419    c = ntInit(1, cf);
2420    return;
2421  }
2422
2423  c = ntInit(cand, cf);
2424
2425  numberCollectionEnumerator.Reset();
2426
2427  number d = NULL;
2428
2429  while (numberCollectionEnumerator.MoveNext() )
2430  {
2431    number &n = numberCollectionEnumerator.Current();
2432    number t = ntMult(n, c, cf); // TODO: rewrite!?
2433    ntDelete(&n, cf);
2434
2435    ntNormalize(t, cf); // TODO: needed?
2436    n = t;
2437
2438    fraction f = (fraction)t;
2439    assume( f != NULL );
2440
2441    const poly den = DEN(f);
2442
2443    if( den != NULL ) // ?? / ?? ?
2444    {
2445      assume( p_IsConstant(den, R) );
2446      assume( pNext(den) == NULL );
2447
2448      if( d == NULL )
2449        d = n_Copy(pGetCoeff(den), Q);
2450      else
2451      {
2452        number g = n_NormalizeHelper(d, pGetCoeff(den), Q);
2453        n_Delete(&d, Q); d = g;
2454      }
2455    }
2456  }
2457
2458  if( d != NULL )
2459  {
2460    numberCollectionEnumerator.Reset();
2461    while (numberCollectionEnumerator.MoveNext() )
2462    {
2463      number &n = numberCollectionEnumerator.Current();
2464      fraction f = (fraction)n;
2465
2466      assume( f != NULL );
2467
2468      const poly den = DEN(f);
2469
2470      if( den == NULL ) // ?? / 1 ?
2471        NUM(f) = p_Mult_nn(NUM(f), d, R);
2472      else
2473      {
2474        assume( p_IsConstant(den, R) );
2475        assume( pNext(den) == NULL );
2476
2477        number ddd = n_Div(d, pGetCoeff(den), Q); // but be an integer now!!!
2478        NUM(f) = p_Mult_nn(NUM(f), ddd, R);
2479        n_Delete(&ddd, Q);
2480
2481        p_Delete(&DEN(f), R);
2482        DEN(f) = NULL; // TODO: check if this is needed!?
2483      }
2484
2485      assume( DEN(f) == NULL );
2486    }
2487
2488    NUM((fraction)c) = p_Mult_nn(NUM((fraction)c), d, R);
2489    n_Delete(&d, Q);
2490  }
2491
2492
2493  ntTest(c);
2494}
2495
2496number  ntChineseRemainder(number *x, number *q,int rl, BOOLEAN /*sym*/,CFArray &inv_cache,const coeffs cf)
2497{
2498  fraction result = (fraction)omAlloc0Bin(fractionObjectBin);
2499
2500  poly *P=(poly*)omAlloc(rl*sizeof(poly*));
2501  number *X=(number *)omAlloc(rl*sizeof(number));
2502
2503  int i;
2504
2505  for(i=0;i<rl;i++) P[i]=p_Copy(NUM((fraction)(x[i])),cf->extRing);
2506  NUM(result)=p_ChineseRemainder(P,X,q,rl,inv_cache,cf->extRing);
2507
2508  for(i=0;i<rl;i++)
2509  {
2510    P[i]=p_Copy(DEN((fraction)(x[i])),cf->extRing);
2511    if (P[i]==NULL) P[i]=p_One(cf->extRing);
2512  }
2513  DEN(result)=p_ChineseRemainder(P,X,q,rl,inv_cache,cf->extRing);
2514
2515  omFreeSize(X,rl*sizeof(number));
2516  omFreeSize(P,rl*sizeof(poly*));
2517  if (p_IsConstant(DEN(result), ntRing)
2518  && n_IsOne(pGetCoeff(DEN(result)), ntCoeffs))
2519  {
2520    p_Delete(&DEN(result),ntRing);
2521  }
2522  ntTest((number)result);
2523  return ((number)result);
2524}
2525
2526number  ntFarey(number p, number n, const coeffs cf)
2527{
2528  // n is really a bigint
2529  fraction result = (fraction)omAlloc0Bin(fractionObjectBin);
2530  NUM(result)=p_Farey(p_Copy(NUM((fraction)p),cf->extRing),n,cf->extRing);
2531  DEN(result)=p_Farey(p_Copy(DEN((fraction)p),cf->extRing),n,cf->extRing);
2532  ntTest((number)result);
2533  return ((number)result);
2534}
2535
2536BOOLEAN ntInitChar(coeffs cf, void * infoStruct)
2537{
2538
2539  assume( infoStruct != NULL );
2540
2541  TransExtInfo *e = (TransExtInfo *)infoStruct;
2542
2543  assume( e->r                != NULL);      // extRing;
2544  assume( e->r->cf            != NULL);      // extRing->cf;
2545  assume( e->r->qideal == NULL );
2546
2547  assume( cf != NULL );
2548  assume(getCoeffType(cf) == n_transExt);                // coeff type;
2549
2550  ring R = e->r;
2551  assume(R != NULL);
2552
2553  R->ref ++; // increase the ref.counter for the ground poly. ring!
2554
2555  cf->extRing           = R;
2556  /* propagate characteristic up so that it becomes
2557     directly accessible in cf: */
2558  cf->ch = R->cf->ch;
2559
2560  cf->is_field=TRUE;
2561  cf->is_domain=TRUE;
2562  cf->rep=n_rep_rat_fct;
2563
2564  cf->factoryVarOffset = R->cf->factoryVarOffset + rVar(R);
2565
2566  cf->cfCoeffString = naCoeffString; // FIXME? TODO? // extern char* naCoeffString(const coeffs r);
2567  cf->cfCoeffName =  naCoeffName; // FIXME? TODO? // extern char* naCoeffString(const coeffs r);
2568
2569  cf->cfGreaterZero  = ntGreaterZero;
2570  cf->cfGreater      = ntGreater;
2571  cf->cfEqual        = ntEqual;
2572  cf->cfIsZero       = ntIsZero;
2573  cf->cfIsOne        = ntIsOne;
2574  cf->cfIsMOne       = ntIsMOne;
2575  cf->cfInit         = ntInit;
2576  cf->cfFarey        = ntFarey;
2577  cf->cfChineseRemainder = ntChineseRemainder;
2578  cf->cfInt          = ntInt;
2579  cf->cfInpNeg          = ntNeg;
2580  cf->cfAdd          = ntAdd;
2581  cf->cfSub          = ntSub;
2582  cf->cfMult         = ntMult;
2583  cf->cfDiv          = ntDiv;
2584  cf->cfExactDiv     = ntDiv;
2585  cf->cfPower        = ntPower;
2586  cf->cfCopy         = ntCopy;
2587  cf->cfWriteLong    = ntWriteLong;
2588  cf->cfRead         = ntRead;
2589  cf->cfNormalize    = ntNormalize;
2590  cf->cfDelete       = ntDelete;
2591  cf->cfSetMap       = ntSetMap;
2592  cf->cfGetDenom     = ntGetDenom;
2593  cf->cfGetNumerator = ntGetNumerator;
2594  cf->cfRePart       = ntCopy;
2595  cf->cfImPart       = ntImPart;
2596  cf->cfCoeffWrite   = ntCoeffWrite;
2597#ifdef LDEBUG
2598  cf->cfDBTest       = ntDBTest;
2599#endif
2600  //cf->cfGcd          = ntGcd_dummy;
2601  cf->cfSubringGcd   = ntGcd;
2602  cf->cfNormalizeHelper = ntNormalizeHelper;
2603  cf->cfSize         = ntSize;
2604  cf->nCoeffIsEqual  = ntCoeffIsEqual;
2605  cf->cfInvers       = ntInvers;
2606  cf->cfKillChar     = ntKillChar;
2607
2608  if( rCanShortOut(ntRing) )
2609    cf->cfWriteShort = ntWriteShort;
2610  else
2611    cf->cfWriteShort = ntWriteLong;
2612
2613  cf->convFactoryNSingN =ntConvFactoryNSingN;
2614  cf->convSingNFactoryN =ntConvSingNFactoryN;
2615  cf->cfParDeg = ntParDeg;
2616
2617  cf->iNumberOfParameters = rVar(R);
2618  cf->pParameterNames = (const char**)R->names;
2619  cf->cfParameter = ntParameter;
2620  cf->has_simple_Inverse= FALSE;
2621  /* cf->has_simple_Alloc= FALSE; */
2622
2623
2624  if( nCoeff_is_Q(R->cf) )
2625    cf->cfClearContent = ntClearContent;
2626
2627  cf->cfClearDenominators = ntClearDenominators;
2628
2629  return FALSE;
2630}
2631
2632template class CRecursivePolyCoeffsEnumerator<NTNumConverter>;
2633template class IEnumerator<snumber*>;
Note: See TracBrowser for help on using the repository browser.