Top
Back: Change of rings
Forward: Resolution
FastBack: How to use this manual
FastForward: General concepts
Up: Getting started
Top: Singular Manual
Contents: Table of Contents
Index: Index
About: About this document

2.3.5 Modules and their annihilator

Now we shall give three more advanced examples.

SINGULAR is able to handle modules over all the rings, which can be defined as a basering. A free module of rank n is defined as follows:

 
ring rr;
int n = 4;
freemodule(4);
==> _[1]=gen(1)
==> _[2]=gen(2)
==> _[3]=gen(3)
==> _[4]=gen(4)
typeof(_);
==> module
print(freemodule(4));
==> 1,0,0,0,
==> 0,1,0,0,
==> 0,0,1,0,
==> 0,0,0,1

To define a module, we provide a list of vectors generating a submodule of a free module. Then this set of vectors may be identified with the columns of a matrix. For that reason in SINGULAR matrices and modules may be interchanged. However, the representation is different (modules may be considered as sparse matrices).

 
ring r =0,(x,y,z),dp;
module MD = [x,0,x],[y,z,-y],[0,z,-2y];
matrix MM = MD;
print(MM);
==> x,y,0,
==> 0,z,z,
==> x,-y,-2y

However the submodule $MD$ may also be considered as the module of relations of the factor module $r^3/MD$.In this way, SINGULAR can treat arbitrary finitely generated modules over the basering (see Representation of mathematical objects).

In order to get the module of relations of $MD$, we use the command syz.

 
syz(MD);
==> _[1]=x*gen(3)-x*gen(2)+y*gen(1)

We want to calculate, as an application, the annihilator of a given module. Let $M = r^3/U$,where U is our defining module of relations for the module $M$.

 
module U = [z3,xy2,x3],[yz2,1,xy5z+z3],[y2z,0,x3],[xyz+x2,y2,0],[xyz,x2y,1];

Then, by definition, the annihilator of M is the ideal $\hbox{ann}(M) = \{a \mid aM = 0 \}$which is, by definition of M, the same as $\{ a \mid ar^3 \in U \}$.Hence we have to calculate the quotient $U \colon r^3 $.The rank of the free module is determined by the choice of U and is the number of rows of the corresponding matrix. This may be retrieved by the function nrows. All we have to do now is the following:

 
quotient(U,freemodule(nrows(U)));

The result is too big to be shown here.


Top Back: Change of rings Forward: Resolution FastBack: How to use this manual FastForward: General concepts Up: Getting started Top: Singular Manual Contents: Table of Contents Index: Index About: About this document
            User manual for Singular version 4-0-3, 2016, generated by texi2html.