source: git/Singular/LIB/lrcalc.lib

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
version="version lrcalc.lib 4.1.2.0 Feb_2019 ";   //$Id$
category="Littlewood-Richardson coefficients";
info="
LIBRARY:  lrcalc.lib    An interface to the Littlewood-Richardson Calculator by Anders Buch

AUTHOR:  Oleksandr Iena,      o.g.yena@gmail.com

OVERVIEW:
  An interface to the documented functions of the Littlewood-Richardson Calculator
  by Anders Buch is implemented.
  The library requires the Littlewood-Richardson Calculator by Anders Buch,
  which is available at http://math.rutgers.edu/~asbuch/lrcalc/

REFERENCES:
  [1] http://math.rutgers.edu/~asbuch/lrcalc/
      http://math.rutgers.edu/~asbuch/lrcalc/lrcalc-1.2/README

PROCEDURES:
  LRinstall()                  installs the Littlewood-Richardson Calculator
  LRcoef(z, x, y);             Littlewood-Richardson coefficient c^z_{x, y}
  LRskew(z, x)                 partitions y for which the Littlewood-Richardson coefficient
                               c^z_{x,y} is non-zero together with that coefficient
  LRmult(x, y)                 partitions z for which the Littlewood-Richardson coefficient
                               c^z_{x,y} is non-zero together with that coefficient
  LRcoprod(z)                  pairs of partitions x and y for which the Littlewood-Richardson
                               coefficient c^z_{x,y} is non-zero together with that coefficient
  LRschubmult(x, y)            expantion of a product of two Schubert polynomials
                               in the basis of Schubert polynomials
";
//----------------------------------------------------------

proc LRinstall()
"USAGE:   LRinstall();
RETURN:   int (exit status of the shell)
PURPOSE:  installs the Littlewood-Richardson Calculator
EXAMPLE:  example LRinstall; shows an example
NOTE:
"
{
  int i;
  string s;
  s = "wget math.rutgers.edu/~asbuch/lrcalc/lrcalc-1.2.tar.gz";
  s = s + " && tar zxvf lrcalc-1.2.tar.gz && cd lrcalc-1.2";
  s = s + " && ./configure && make && sudo make install";
  i=system("sh", s);
  return(i);
}
example
{
  "EXAMPLE:"; echo = 2;
  // In order to install the Littlewood-Richardson Calculator
  // type "LRinstall();"
  // This will execute the following commands:
  // wget math.rutgers.edu/~asbuch/lrcalc/lrcalc-1.2.tar.gz
  // tar zxvf lrcalc-1.2.tar.gz
  // cd lrcalc-1.2
  // ./configure
  // make
  // sudo make install
}
//----------------------------------------------------------

proc LRcoef(list u, list l1, list l2)
"USAGE:   LRcoef(z, x, y);  z, x, y lists of integers (partitions)
RETURN:   bigint
PURPOSE:  computes the Littlewood-Richardson coefficient c^z_{x, y}
EXAMPLE:  example LRcoef; shows an example
NOTE:
"
{
  // construct a string with the required lrcalc command to be passed to shell
  string s="lrcalc coef";
  int i;
  int sz;
  sz=size(u);
  for(i=1; i<=sz; i++)
  {
    s=s+" "+string(u[i]);
  }
  s=s+" -";
  sz=size(l1);
  for(i=1; i<=sz; i++)
  {
    s=s+" "+string(l1[i]);
  }
  s=s+" -";
  sz=size(l2);
  for(i=1; i<=sz; i++)
  {
    s=s+" "+string(l2[i]);
  }
  s=read("|: "+s); // execute the string in shell and return the output string back to Singular
  return( string2int(s) ); // return the integer represented by this string
}
example
{
  "EXAMPLE:"; echo = 2;
  // Compute the Littlewood-Richardson coefficient c^z_{x, y}
  // for z= (3, 2, 1), x=(2, 1), y=(2, 1)
  list z = 3, 2, 1;
  list x = 2, 1;
  list y = 2, 1;
  LRcoef(z, x, y);
}
//----------------------------------------------------------

proc LRskew(list I, list J, list #)
"USAGE:   LRskew(z, x [,s, r]);  z, x lists of integers (partitions)
          s string equal to 'r', r non-negative integer
RETURN:   list of lists
PURPOSE:  computes the partitions y for which the Littlewood-Richardson
          coefficient c^z_{x,y} is non-zero together with that coefficient;
          only partitions up to length r are computed
          if the optional parameters age given
EXAMPLE:  example LRskew; shows an example
NOTE:
"
{
  // construct a string with the required lrcalc command to be passed to shell
  string s="lrcalc skew";
  int sz;
  // take care of the optional parameters
  sz = size(#);
  if(sz!=0) // if there are optional parameters
  {
    if(typeof(#[1])=="string") // if the first optional parameter is a string
    {
      if(#[1]=="r") // if it equals "r"
      {
        if(sz>1) // if there is a second optional parameter
        {
          if(typeof(#[2])=="int") // that is integer
          {
            if(#[2]>=0) // and non-negative
            {
              s=s+ " -r "+string(#[2]); // add the corresponding string to the lrcalc command
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
  int i;
  sz=size(I);
  for(i=1; i<=sz; i++)
  {
    s=s+" "+string(I[i]);
  }
  s=s+" /";
  sz=size(J);
  for(i=1; i<=sz; i++)
  {
    s=s+" "+string(J[i]);
  }
  // execute the string in shell and return the output string back to Singular
  link L="|: "+s+" && echo end";
  list rez; // the result will be computed here
  list T;
  int next;
  while(1)
  {
    s=read(L);
    if(s=="end")
    {
      break;
    }
    i=1;
    next=find(s," ",i);
    if(next ==0){break;}
    T=list(string2int(s[i,next-i]));
    i=next+1;
    next=find(s, "(", i);
    i=next+1;
    next=find(s, ")", i);
    T= T+list( string2list(s[i,next-i]) );
    rez=rez+ list(T);
  }
  close(L);
  return( rez ); // return the result
}
example
{
  "EXAMPLE:"; echo = 2;
  // Compute the partitions y for which the Littlewood-Richardson coefficient
  // c^z_{x,y} is non-zero together with that coefficient
  // for z= (3, 2, 1), x=(2, 1)
  list z = 3, 2, 1;
  list x = 2, 1;
  LRskew(z, x);
  // Now compute only the partitions with at most 2 entries
  LRskew(z, x, "r", 2);
}
//----------------------------------------------------------

proc LRmult(list I, list J, list #)
"USAGE:   LRmult(x, y);  x, y lists of integers (partitions)
          LRmult(x, y [, s, r]);  x, y lists of integers (partitions),
          s string equal to 'r',  r integer
          LRmult(x, y [, s, m, k]);  x, y lists of integers (partitions),
          s string equal to 'q' or 'f',  m, k integers
RETURN:   list of lists
PURPOSE:  computes the partitions z for which the Littlewood-Richardson
          coefficient c^z_{x,y} is non-zero together with that coefficient;
          partitions up to length r
EXAMPLE:  example LRmult; shows an example
NOTE:
"
{
  // construct a string with the required lrcalc command to be passed to shell
  string s="lrcalc mult";
  int i;
  int sz;
  // take care of the optional parameters
  sz = size(#);
  if(sz!=0) // if there are optional parameters
  {
    if(typeof(#[1])=="string") // if the first optional parameter is a string
    {
      if(#[1]=="r") // if the first optional parameter is "r"
      {
        if(sz>1) // if there is a second optional parameter
        {
          if(typeof(#[2])=="int") // which is an integer
          {
            if(#[2]>=0) // and non-negative
            {
              s=s+ " -r "+string(#[2]); // add the corresponding string to the lrcalc command
            }
          }
        }
      }
      if( (#[1]=="q") || (#[1]=="f") ) // if the first optional parameter is "q" or "f"
      {
        if(sz>2) // if there are a second and a third parameters
        {
          if( ( typeof(#[2])=="int" ) && ( typeof(#[3])=="int" ) ) // that are integers
          {
            if( (#[2]>0)&&(#[3]>0) ) // and positive
            {
              // add the corresponding string to the lrcalc command
              s=s+ " -"+#[1]+" "+string(#[2])+","+string(#[3]);
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
  sz=size(I);
  for(i=1; i<=sz; i++)
  {
    s=s+" "+string(I[i]);
  }
  s=s+" -";
  sz=size(J);
  for(i=1; i<=sz; i++)
  {
    s=s+" "+string(J[i]);
  }
  // execute the string in shell and return the output string back to Singular
  link L="|: "+s+" && echo end";
  list rez; // the result will be computed here
  list T;
  int next;
  while(1)
  {
    s=read(L);
    if(s=="end")
    {
      break;
    }
    i=1;
    next=find(s," ",i);
    if(next ==0){break;}
    T=list(string2int(s[i,next-i]));
    i=next+1;
    next=find(s, "(", i);
    i=next+1;
    next=find(s, ")", i);
    T= T+list( string2list(s[i,next-i]) );
    rez=rez+ list(T);
  }
  close(L);
  return( rez ); // return the result
}
example
{
  "EXAMPLE:"; echo = 2;
  // Compute the partitions z for which the Littlewood-Richardson coefficient
  // c^z_{x,y} is non-zero together with that coefficient
  // for x= (2, 1), y=(2, 1)
  list x = 2, 1;
  list y = 2, 1;
  LRmult(x, y);
  // Now compute only the partitions with at most 2 entries
  LRmult(x, y, "r", 2);
  // Now compute the product in the quantum cohomology ring of the Grassmannian Gr(3,3+2).
  LRmult(x, y, "q", 3, 2);
  // Compute the same product with the output given in fusion ring notation
  LRmult(x, y, "f", 3, 2);
}
//----------------------------------------------------------

proc LRcoprod(list I)
"USAGE:   LRcoprod(z);  z list of integers (partition)
RETURN:   list of lists
PURPOSE:  computes the pairs of partitions x and y for which
          the Littlewood-Richardson coefficient c^z_{x,y} is non-zero
          together with that coefficient
EXAMPLE:  example LRcoprod; shows an example
NOTE:
"
{
  // construct a string with the required lrcalc command to be passed to shell
  string s="lrcalc coprod";
  int i;
  int sz;
  sz=size(I);
  for(i=1; i<=sz; i++)
  {
    s=s+" "+string(I[i]);
  }
   // execute the string in shell and return the output string back to Singular
  link L="|: "+s+" && echo end";
  list rez; // the result will be computed here
  list T;
  int next;
  while(1)
  {
    s=read(L);
    if(s=="end")
    {
      break;
    }
    i=1;
    next=find(s," ",i);
    if(next ==0){break;}
    T=list(string2int(s[i,next-i]));
    i=next+1;
    next=find(s, "(", i);
    i=next+1;
    next=find(s, ")", i);
    T= T+list( string2list(s[i,next-i]) );
    i=next+1;
    next=find(s, "(", i);
    i=next+1;
    next=find(s, ")", i);
    T= T+list( string2list(s[i,next-i]) );
    rez=rez+ list(T);
  }
  close(L);
  return( rez ); // return the result
}
example
{
  "EXAMPLE:"; echo = 2;
  // Compute the pairs of partitions x and y for which the Littlewood-Richardson
  // coefficient c^z_{x,y} is non-zero together with that coefficient
  // for z= (3, 2, 1)
  list z = 3, 2, 1;
  LRcoprod(z);
}
//----------------------------------------------------------

proc LRschubmult(list I, list J)
"USAGE:   LRschubmult(x, y);  x, y lists of integers
RETURN:   list of lists
PURPOSE:  computes the expantion of a product
          of two Schubert polynomials in the basis of Schubert polynomials
EXAMPLE:  example LRschubmult; shows an example
NOTE:
"
{
  // construct a string with the required lrcalc command to be passed to shell
  string s="schubmult";
  int i;
  int sz;
  sz=size(I);
  for(i=1; i<=sz; i++)
  {
    s=s+" "+string(I[i]);
  }
  s=s+" -";
  sz=size(J);
  for(i=1; i<=sz; i++)
  {
    s=s+" "+string(J[i]);
  }
  // execute the string in shell and return the output string back to Singular
  link L="|: "+s+" && echo end";
  list rez; // the result will be computed here
  list T;
  int next;
  while(1)
  {
    s=read(L);
    if(s=="end")
    {
      break;
    }
    i=1;
    next=find(s," ",i);
    if(next ==0){break;}
    T=list(string2int(s[i,next-i]));
    i=next+1;
    next=find(s, "(", i);
    i=next+1;
    next=find(s, ")", i);
    T= T+list( string2list(s[i,next-i]) );
    rez=rez+ list(T);
  }
  close(L);
  return( rez ); // return the result
}
example
{
  "EXAMPLE:"; echo = 2;
  // Compute the expantion of a square of the Schubert polynomial
  // corresponding to  (1 3 2) in the basis of Schubert polynomials
  list x = 1, 3, 2;
  LRschubmult(x, x);
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// The procedures below are for the internal usage only
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

static proc string2list(string s)
"USAGE:   string2list(s);  s string
RETURN:   list of integers
PURPOSE:  converts a string representing integers separated by commas
          into a list of integers
EXAMPLE:  example string2list; shows an example
NOTE:
"
{
  list l; // the result will be computed here
  if(size(s)==0) // if the string is empty
  {
    return(list(0)); // return zero
  }
  // otherwise form the corresponding list
  execute("l="+s+";")
  return(l); // return the result
}
example
{
  "EXAMPLE:"; echo = 2;
  // Convert the string "3, 2, 1" into the corresponding list of integers
  string s= "3, 2, 1";
  string2list(s);
}
//----------------------------------------------------------

static proc string2int(string s)
"USAGE:   string2int(s);  s string
RETURN:   biging
PURPOSE:  converts a string representing a non-negative integer into integer
EXAMPLE:  example string2int; shows an example
NOTE:
"
{
  bigint rez;
  int sz=size(s);
  if(sz==0) // if the string s is empty, return zero
  {
    return(bigint(0));
  }
  // read the first character of the string and transform it to the corresponding digit
  while(1)
  {
    if(s[1]=="0")
    {
      rez=0; break;
    }
    if(s[1]=="1")
    {
      rez=1; break;
    }
    if(s[1]=="2")
    {
      rez=2; break;
    }
    if(s[1]=="3")
    {
      rez=3; break;
    }
    if(s[1]=="4")
    {
      rez=4; break;
    }
    if(s[1]=="5")
    {
      rez=5; break;
    }
    if(s[1]=="6")
    {
      rez=6; break;
    }
    if(s[1]=="7")
    {
      rez=7; break;
    }
    if(s[1]=="8")
    {
      rez=8; break;
    }
    if(s[1]=="9")
    {
      rez=9; break;
    }
  }
  if(sz==1) // if the string is of length 1
  {
    return(bigint(rez)); // return the result
  }
  // otherwise compute the result recursively
  return( rez*bigint(10)^(sz-1) + string2int(s[2,sz-1]) );
}
example
{
  "EXAMPLE:"; echo = 2;
  // Convert the string "728" into the corresponding integer
  string s= "728";
  string2int(s);
}
//----------------------------------------------------------